What is the function of acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase?

Abstract: The acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) are enzymes that catalyze the alpha,beta-dehydrogenation of acyl-CoA esters in fatty acid and amino acid catabolism. Eleven ACADs are now recognized in the sequenced human genome, and several homologs have been reported from bacteria, fungi, plants, and nematodes.

What does MCAD enzyme do?

Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) is one of the enzymes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation. Fatty acid β-oxidation fuels hepatic ketogenesis, which provides a major source of energy once hepatic glycogen stores become depleted during prolonged fasting and periods of higher energy demands.

What is the function of fatty acyl-CoA?

Fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) catalyzes the adenosine triphosphate dependent formation of a thioester bond between a fatty acid and coenzyme A. This fundamental reaction allows the fatty acid to be degraded for energy production, incorporated into complex lipids, or participate in other metabolic pathways.

How does the action of acyl CoA dehydrogenase work?

Acyl CoA dehydrogenase. Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases ( ACADs) are a class of enzymes that function to catalyze the initial step in each cycle of fatty acid β-oxidation in the mitochondria of cells. Their action results in the introduction of a trans double-bond between C2 (α) and C3 (β) of the acyl-CoA thioester substrate.

What are medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies?

Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies ( MCADD) are well known and characterized because they occur most commonly among acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, leading to fatty acid oxidation disorders and the potential of life-threatening metabolic diseases.

How are different types of acyl CoA synthases used?

There are three different types of acyl-CoA synthases which can help make 3 different lengths of acyl-CoA. For example, medium chain acyl-CoA synthase is made to work upon 4-11 carbon fatty acids to make 4-11 carbon acyl-CoA. A different type of Acyl-CoA synthase is used for a 11-20 carbon fatty acid to make it into a 11-20 Acyl-CoA.

How is a fatty acid oxidatively degraded by acyl CoA?

To be oxidatively degraded, a fatty acid must first be activated in a two-step reaction catalyzed by acyl-CoA synthetase. First, the fatty acid displaces the diphosphate group of ATP, then coenzyme A (HSCoA) displaces the AMP group to form an acyl-CoA.