What is uprighting of molars?

Molar uprighting is a process whereby a tilted molar is corrected through an orthodontic procedure. Molars are the large teeth located in the back part of the mouth. These are the main teeth used for grinding up food during the chewing process and are therefore very important.

When do mandibular second molars come in?

Specifically, the second molars located in front of the “wisdom teeth” erupt roughly between the ages of 11 to 13 years. The upper second molars tend to erupt around the ages of 12 to 13, while the lower second molars may begin to erupt from the 11 to 13 years age range.

What is the largest cusp on a mandibular second molar?

The protoconid, entoconid and metaconid were the largest of the mandibular molar cusps. Generally, the cusp area values in first and third molars were larger in the taller Barakwena than in the shorter Vassekela.

Can 2nd molars be impacted?

Impaction of a permanent tooth is a relatively common clinical occurrence in the human dentition. First mandibular molars and maxillary second molars are rarely impacted with a reported prevalence of 0–2.3% for second molars, 0.02% for the maxillary first molar, and of less than 0.01% for the mandibular first molar.

Are there any cases of impacted mandibular second molars?

The prevalence of ectopic eruption and/or impaction of mandibular second molars has been reported to range from 0.3% to 2.3%. Recently, in a Caucasian sample, Cassetta, et al., found an incidence of 1.36% of mandibular second molar impaction.

Which is the best treatment for uprighting permanent second molars?

Treatment options depend on the degree of tooth inclination, the position of the third molars, and the desired type of movement, which may be surgical and/or orthodontic in nature. A good treatment alternative is surgical uncovering with orthodontically-assisted eruption.

What is the iatrogenic character of lower second molars?

The iatrogenic character of lower second molar impaction is emphasized. The impaction of permanent teeth usually concerns the maxillary or mandibular third molars, maxillary canines or central incisors, and mandibular second premolars. 1 Eruption disturbances of mandibular second permanent molars are rather rare.

What are the effects of ectopic eruption of second molars?

Ectopic eruption of the second molars can cause multiple problems, such as resorption, pain, increased orthodontic treatment time, increased caries susceptibility, malocclusion, and periodontal disease. Mandibular second molars can oftentimes be frustrating for orthodontists.