What does conjunct rotation mean?

This contribution mathematically formalizes Codman’s idea of conjunct rotation, a term he used in 1934 to describe a paradoxical phenomenon arising from a closed-loop arm movement. Real (axial) rotation is distinguished from conjunct rotation.

What are the 8 movements of the shoulder?

This mobility provides the upper extremity with tremendous range of motion such as adduction, abduction, flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, and 360° circumduction in the sagittal plane. Furthermore, the shoulder allows for scapular protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression.

What does flexion and extension mean?

Flexion and extension are movements that occur in the sagittal plane. They refer to increasing and decreasing the angle between two body parts: Flexion refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts. Extension refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

What is the difference between conjunct rotation and real rotation?

This contribution mathematically formalizes Codman’s idea of conjunct rotation, a term he used in 1934 to describe a paradoxical phenomenon arising from a closed-loop arm movement. Real (axial) rotation is distinguished from conjunct rotation. For characterizing the latter, the idea of reference vec …

Which is the correct shoulder internal or external rotation?

Shoulder internal rotation (IR) Shoulder external rotation (ER) Testing position [edit | edit source] Patient is supine with the shoulder abducted to 90 degrees and the length of the humerus on the test side is supported on the plinth Forearm is in neutral position Goniometer Placement [edit | edit source]

What are the movements of the lower scapula?

Downward rotation: rotating the lower scapula towards the rib cage as in moving the arm behind the back. The glenohumeral joint/shoulder joint allows a wide range of movements including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation (medial and lateral rotation), and circumduction. 1.