How does a pulsed laser work?

Pulsed operation of lasers refers to any laser not classified as continuous wave, so that the optical power appears in pulses of some duration at some repetition rate. For a given pulse energy, this requires creating pulses of the shortest possible duration utilizing techniques such as Q-switching.

Which laser is used in PLD?

PLD is a technique that uses high-power laser ultrashort pulses from an excimer, a Nd:YAG or another similar laser. A pulsed-laser beam is focused inside a vacuum chamber onto a solid target that is to be deposited.

What is laser ablation process?

Laser ablation or photoablation is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates.

How does thin deposition work?

Thin Film Deposition is the technology of applying a very thin film of material – between a few nanometers to about 100 micrometers, or the thickness of a few atoms – onto a “substrate” surface to be coated, or onto a previously deposited coating to form layers.

How does a pulsed laser deposition technique work?

Pulsed laser deposition is perhaps the simplest technique among all thin film deposition techniques. It consists of irradiating the surface of a target material with a sufficiently intense pulsed laser beam. The irradiated volume will be vaporized and the flux of material so formed, collected onto a substrate to grow a thin film.

How is the stoichiometry preserved in pulsed laser deposition?

Interaction of the laser pulse with the target is a highly non-equilibrium process, where the absorption of the laser energy is confined to very small volume. The stoichiometry of the target is then well preserved in the deposited film even for multi-component or rare-earth doped compositions.

How are nanoparticles prepared in laser ablation process?

Preparation of nanoparticles by laser in solution. Laser ablation of an asteroid-like sample. Laser ablation or photoablation is the process of removing material from a solid (or occasionally liquid) surface by irradiating it with a laser beam. At low laser flux, the material is heated by the absorbed laser energy and evaporates or sublimates.

What kind of laser was used to deposit thin films?

Smith and Turner utilized a ruby laser to deposit the first thin films in 1965, three years after Breech and Cross studied the laser-vaporization and excitation of atoms from solid surfaces. However, the deposited films were still inferior to those obtained by other techniques such as chemical vapor deposition and molecular beam epitaxy.

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