What is titanate coupling agent?

Coupling agents enhance adhesion between the filler and the polymer. Organo titanate coupling agents create molecular bridges at the interface between inorganic fillers and polymer matrix. They overcome many of the limitations of incompatibility of polymers and inorganic fillers.

What can be used as a coupling agent?

Coupling agents are a wide range of chemical compounds, starting from fatty acids and its salts such as calcium stearate, organofunctional silanes widely used for glass fibers, titanates, zirconates and anhydrides (Hohenberger, 2001).

How is titanate coupling agent used in pretreatment?

For solid type titanate coupling agent, it is possible to add all the ingredients like titanate coupling agent, filler, polymer and other additives into a mixer for pretreatment. The heat exerted during the mixing process can reach 100 o C to 120 o C enabling the titanate coupling agent to bond to the fillers.

Which is an example of a coupling agent?

Two examples of titanate coupling agents are shown below. The first contains amine groups and would be suitable for use with epoxide adhesives. Zirconate coupling agents have very similar structures to the titanates.

How are titanates and zirconates used in organic chemistry?

Titanate (see Figure 1) or zirconate coupling agents form a less than 2-nanometer monomolecular layer on the surface of any organic/inorganic (see Figure 2). They chemically bridge non-silane reactive fillers such as C a CO 3 (see Figures 3 and 4), carbon black – and silica, metal oxides, etc. with polymers (see Figure 5).

How much titanate do you add to Tytan?

The heat exerted during the mixing process can reach 100 oC to 120 oC enabling the titanate coupling agent to bond to the fillers. The dry blended ingredients can then be directly fed into extruder. The general dosage range of titanate coupling agents is 0.2% ~ 2.0% by weight of filler.