What is the meaning of CF?

The abbreviation cf. (short for the Latin: confer/conferatur, both meaning ‘compare’) is used in writing to refer the reader to other material to make a comparison with the topic being discussed.

How do you use et passim?

et passim. And also found throughout the subsequent pages or sections. Literally, “And in the following.” The abbreviation typically appears after a citation of a single page, suggesting the reader look at that page first and then skim the material following for further discussion.

What is the meaning of et al?

and others
One of these is the Latin phrase et al., an abbreviation meaning “and others.” It is used to shorten lists of author names in text citations to make repeated referencing shorter and simpler.

What was the abbreviation used during the Roman Empire?

During the Roman Republic, several abbreviations, known as sigla (plural of siglum = symbol or abbreviation), were in common use in inscriptions, and they increased in number during the Roman Empire. Additionally, in this period shorthand entered general usage.

Who is the author of the Lexicon Abbreviaturarum?

Lexicon abbreviaturarum. Wörterbuch lateinischer und italienscher Abkürzungen, Adriano Cappelli, zweite Auflage Leipzig 1928. The elements of abbreviation in medieval Latin paleography, translation of the Italian introduction by David Heimann and Richard Kay, Kansas 1982.

Which is the most common abbreviation in Europe?

The most common abbreviations, called notae communes, were used across most of Europe, but others appeared in certain regions. In legal documents, legal abbreviations, called notae juris, appear but also capricious abbreviations, which scribes manufactured ad hoc to avoid repeating names and places in a given document.

Where did the abbreviation sigla come from in writing?

Abbreviated writing, using sigla, arose partly from the limitations of the workable nature of the materials ( stone, metal, parchment, etc.) employed in record-making and partly from their availability. Thus, lapidaries, engravers, and copyists made the most of the available writing space.