What is an occipital condyle fracture?

Occipital condyle fractures are traumatic injuries that involve articulation between the base of the skull and the cervical spine.

What happens when you fracture your occipital bone?

Serious symptoms of a skull fracture include: bleeding from the wound caused by the trauma, near the location of the trauma, or around the eyes, ears, and nose. bruising around the trauma site, under the eyes in a condition known as raccoon eyes, or behind the ears as in a Battle’s sign. severe pain at the trauma site.

What are the cranial nerve affected in occipital condyle fracture?

An isolated occipital condyle fracture is very rare. The condyles are perforated by the hypoglossal nerves, and the jugular foramen lies laterally. The foramen contains the jugular vein and the cranial nerves IX, X, and XI, which can be injured in 33 to 63% of the cases.

What articulates in the occipital condyles?

Abstract

• Context: The occipital condyles of the skull articulate with the superior articular facets of the atlas vertebra and form an important junction between the cranium and the vertebral column.
• Objective: To describe the anatomical profile of unusual occipital condyles detected in a bone specimen.

How is an occipital condyle fracture treated?

Occipital condyle fractures (OCFs) have been treated as rare traumatic injuries, but the number of reported OCFs has gradually increased because of the popularization of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

What causes a humeral condyle fracture in a dog?

In young dogs that jump down from a height, the force caused by landing travels up the front leg and can cause a fracture of the humeral condyle (elbow joint). In some dogs, there is an inherent weakness of the elbow joint, known as a Humeral Intracondylar Fissure (HIF), which can result in an elbow joint fracture during normal exercise.

How is surgery used to treat humeral condylar fractures?

Surgery is required to treat humeral condylar fractures. As the elbow joint is fractured the broken pieces of the humeral condyle need to be pieced back together accurately, not only to allow the elbow joint to work, but also to minimise the development of osteoarthritis.

How old does a dog have to be to have a condylar fracture?

Lateral condylar fractures are most prevalent in skeletally immature dogs. In one retrospective review, 67 per cent of cases were less than one year of age, the most common age being four months (Denny 1983).