How is TGF beta detected?

The known available methods to assess active TGF-β include semi-quantitative methods such as using transgenic mice-containing green fluorescent protein under the control of TGF-β responsive element (CAGA)12[21,27], using specific antibodies to bioactive TGF-β [28-30], or indirect measurements by antibodies that …

What is the difference between TGF alpha and beta?

Transforming growth factors have a wide range of biological activities related to cell proliferation and differentiation. In general TGF-alpha promotes cell proliferation while TGF-beta may stimulate or inhibit proliferation depending on the cell type and growth factor environment.

Is TGF beta a cytokine?

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine that plays an important role in wound healing, angiogenesis, immunoregulation and cancer. The cells of the immune system produce the TGF-β1 isoform, which exerts powerful anti-inflammatory functions, and is a master regulator of the immune response.

How are the levels of TGF-beta quantified?

Quantitation of the levels of TGF-beta synthesis, secretion, and activation are crucial for grasping the mechanisms that control these events and ultimately control TGF-beta action. Rather than presenting a single method, we describe several methods for measuring active TGF-beta in different experimental situations.

How does Hek-blue TGF-β cell based assay work?

HEK-Blue™ TGF-β cells allow the detection of bioactive TGF-β by monitoring the activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway . They were generated by stable transfection of HEK293 cells with the human TGFBRI, Smad3 and Smad4 genes. They further express a Smad3/4-binding elements (SBE)-inducible SEAP reporter gene.

Which is the ELISA assay for Hu TGFβ1?

The Human Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (Hu TGFβ1) ELISA quantitates Hu TGFβ1 in human serum, plasma, buffered solution, or cell culture medium. The assay will exclusively recognize both natural and recombinant Hu TGFβ1.

What is the role of TGF-β in cellular activation?

TGF-β activation. Although TGF-β is important in regulating crucial cellular activities, only few TGF beta signaling pathway activations are currently known, and yet, the full mechanism behind the suggested activation pathways is not well understood. Some of the known activating pathways are cell or tissue specific,