What is acute Cerebellitis?

Acute cerebellitis (AC) is an inflammatory syndrome characterized by acute onset of cerebellar signs/symptoms (such as ataxia, nystagmus or dysmetria) often accompanied by fever, nausea, headache, altered mental status and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities of the cerebellum [1–3].

What is acute ataxia?

Acute cerebellar ataxia is sudden, uncoordinated muscle movement due to disease or injury to the cerebellum. This is the area in the brain that controls muscle movement. Ataxia means loss of muscle coordination, especially of the hands and legs.

How is Cerebellitis diagnosed?

Acute cerebellitis in adults is a rare disorder which mainly presents with headache, nausea/vomiting and ataxia. To diagnose cerebellitis, imaging of the brain (preferably MRI) is required and CSF examination may be necessary to narrow the differential diagnosis.

What causes acute ataxia?

Cerebellum and brainstem Persistent ataxia usually results from damage to the part of your brain that controls muscle coordination (cerebellum). Many conditions can cause ataxia, including alcohol misuse, certain medication, stroke, tumor, cerebral palsy, brain degeneration and multiple sclerosis.

What is the medical term for acute cerebellitis?

Acute cerebellitis, also known as acute cerebellar ataxia, is a rare inflammatory process characterized by a sudden onset of cerebellar dysfunction usually affecting children. It is related as a consequence of a primary or secondary infection, or much less commonly as a result of a post-vaccination reaction.

Which is more common acute cerebellitis or acute disseminated encephalomyelitis?

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis may be confused with acute cerebellitis when the clinical findings are predominantly cerebellar, but lesions on neuroimaging are usually widespread.

What is the differential diagnosis of viral cerebellitis?

Differential diagnosis of his condition included viral cerebellitis and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

What can be done about immune mediated cerebellitis?

In cerebellar encephalitis suspected to be due to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, prompt recognition and early initiation of high-dose corticosteroids is essential for symptom resolution and treatment success, including the prevention of hydrocephalus and tonsillar herniation.