What are magnetostrictive materials used for?

Magnetostrictive materials are used to convert electromagnetic energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. This effect can be used to create sensors that measure a magnetic field or detect a force. The magnetic field or force applied would create a strain in the material, which can be measured.

What is magnetostrictive transducer?

A magnetostrictive transducer makes use of a type of magnetic material in which an applied oscillating magnetic field squeezes the atoms of the material together, creating a periodic change in the length of the material and thus producing a high-frequency mechanical vibration.

What is magnetostrictive phenomenon?

Magnetostriction is a property of ferromagnetic materials that causes them to change their shape when subjected to a magnetic field. The effect was first identified in 1842 by James Joule when observing a sample of nickel. This effect can cause losses due to frictional heating in susceptible ferromagnetic cores.

What is direct magnetostrictive effect?

Magnetostriction is the emergence of a mechanical deformation induced by an external magnetic field. The conversion of magnetic energy into mechanical energy via magnetostriction at the nanoscale is at the heart of many magnetomechanical systems such as sensors, transducers, actuators, and energy harvesters.

What is the magnetostrictive material?

Magnetostrictive materials are a class of smart materials that can convert energy between the magnetic and elastic states. Because magnetostriction is an inherent property of ferromagnetic materials, it does not degrade over time as do some poled piezoelectric substances.

What are the suitable materials for magnetostrictive transducer?

Cobalt ferrite, CoFe2O4 (CoO·Fe2O3), is also mainly used for its magnetostrictive applications like sensors and actuators, thanks to its high saturation magnetostriction (~200 parts per million). In the absence of rare-earth elements, it is a good substitute for Terfenol-D.

What are the special features of magnetostrictive transducer?

These transducers exhibit a number of unique features compared with the more conventional Wiedemann sensor, including: (1) the use of smaller rare earth permanent magnets to achieve large, uniform, and self-sustained bias field strengths; (2) the use of more efficient electric coil arrangements to induce a stronger …

What is the function of a transducer?

A Transducers. A transducer converts some sort of energy to sound (source) or converts sound energy (receiver) to an electrical signal.

What is meant by ferromagnetic material?

Ferromagnetism is a kind of magnetism that is associated with iron, cobalt, nickel, and some alloys or compounds containing one or more of these elements. It also occurs in gadolinium and a few other rare-earth elements.

What is the use of piezoelectric transducer?

A piezoelectric transducer (also known as a piezoelectric sensor) is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure changes in acceleration, pressure, strain, temperature or force by converting this energy into an electrical charge. A transducer can be anything that converts one form of energy to another.

What do you understand by transducer?

Essentially a transducer is an electronic device which converts energy from one form to another. Some examples you may be familiar with include microphones and loudspeakers. There are two different types of transducer an input transducer which is a sensor and an output transducer which is an actuator.

What is transducer give example?

A transducer is an electronic device that converts energy from one form to another. Common examples include microphones, loudspeakers, thermometers, position and pressure sensors, and antenna. Among the worst transducers, in terms of efficiency, are incandescent lamps.

How is a magnetostrictive transducer used in actuation?

A magnetostriction transducer is a device that is used to convert mechanical energy into magnetic energy and vice versa. Such a device can be used as a sensor and also for actuation as the transducer characteristics is very high due to the bi-directional coupling between mechanical and magnetic states of the material.

Which is more efficient a magnetostrictive or piezoelectric transducer?

Magnetostrictive systems on the other hand rely on the double conversion of electrical to magnetic energy and then from magnetic to mechanical to produce the sound wave. Magnetic systems are usually less than 50% efficient due to the energy lost in heating of the coils and the effects of magnetic hysteresis.

How are magnetostrictive materials used in everyday life?

Magnetostrictive materials can convert magnetic energy into kinetic energy, or the reverse, and are used to build actuators and sensors.

What is the typical ultrasonic frequency range of a magnetostrictive transducer?

Typical ultrasonic frequencies range from 20 to 200 kHz. Due to physical size limitations of the magnetostrictive transducer (frequency is dependent on the length of the transducer with higher frequency requiring a shorter and shorter length) it is inherently limited to operate at frequencies below approximately 30 kHz.