What is hyperechoic endometrium?

Endometrial hyperplasia thickens the uterus lining, causing heavy or abnormal bleeding. Atypical endometrial hyperplasia raises the risk of endometrial cancer and uterine cancer. The condition tends to occur during or after menopause. Progestin therapy can ease symptoms.

What is Fundal endometrium?

The endometrium is the innermost lining layer of the uterus, and functions to prevent adhesions between the opposed walls of the myometrium, thereby maintaining the patency of the uterine cavity. During the menstrual cycle or estrous cycle, the endometrium grows to a thick, blood vessel-rich, glandular tissue layer.

What is inactive endometrium mean?

Morphology of atrophic endometrium Atrophic and inactive endometria are defined as those deprived of functionalis and consisting exclusively of thin basalis with a few narrow tubular glands lined by cuboidal indeterminate epithelium showing neither proliferative nor secretary activity (Fig. 1).

What is the normal endometrial thickness for pregnancy?

Many studies have found a thin endometrium to be associated with a lower implantation rate, but no absolute cutoff for endometrial thickness exists; good pregnancy rates have been reported in cycles with endometrium <6 mm, and a successful pregnancy has been reported with endometrial thickness of only 4 mm [17].

Is the endometrium the basal layer of the uterus?

The endometrium is the inner epithelial layer, along with its mucous membrane, of the mammalian uterus. It has a basal layer and a functional layer; the functional layer thickens and then is shed during menstruation in humans and some other mammals, including apes, Old World monkeys, some species of bat, and the elephant shrew.

Why is the endometrium considered to be sterile?

The uterus and endometrium was for a long time thought to be sterile. The cervical plug of mucosa was seen to prevent the entry of any microorganisms ascending from the vagina. In the 1980s this view was challenged when it was shown that uterine infections could arise from weaknesses in the barrier of the cervical plug.

What kind of cancer is found in the endometrium?

Adenomyosis is the growth of the endometrium into the muscle layer of the uterus (the myometrium ). Endometriosis is the growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer of the human female genital tract.

What causes the proliferation of the endometrium?

Proliferation is induced by estrogen (follicular phase of menstrual cycle), and later changes in this layer are engendered by progesterone from the corpus luteum (luteal phase). It is adapted to provide an optimum environment for the implantation and growth of the embryo.