What is spin-up spin down?

Electron spin is a quantum property of electrons. It is a form of angular momentum. The magnitude of this angular momentum is permanent. If the electron spins clockwise on its axis, it is described as spin-up; counterclockwise is spin-down. This is a convenient explanation, if not fully justifiable mathematically.

What is the energy difference ΔE between the two split States?

The energy difference between the two Zeeman states is given by ΔE = E(mS = +1/2) – E(mS = -1/2) = geβeB0/h (in Hz). Fig. 1: Illustration of the Zeeman splitting for a S = 1/2 system with one unpaired electron in an external magnetic field B0.

Do different nuclear spin states have different energies?

In the presence of an applied external magnetic field, 1H and 13C (also 19F and 31P) nuclei exist in two nuclear spin states of different energy. The energy difference E between the spin states is proportional to the strength of Bo. …

What is spin energy state?

Because the atomic number is 1, it has a spin quantum number 1/2. Hence, the hydrogen proton can exist in two spin states: ‘up’ state and ‘down’ state. The hydrogen proton has a positive charge and can also generate magnetic dipole moments.

How are spin up and spin down States different?

Energy difference between spin up and spin down states. Because the atomic number is 1, it has a spin quantum number 1/2. Hence, the hydrogen proton can exist in two spin states: ‘up’ state and ‘down’ state. The hydrogen proton has a positive charge and can also generate magnetic dipole moments.

Why are spin up and spin down states of hydrogen important?

The energy difference between spin up and spin down states of hydrogen are important in understanding net magnetization vector of tissue for magnetic resonance imaging. Each hydrogen atom is formed by one proton and one orbiting electron. Because the atomic number is 1, it has a spin quantum number 1/2.

Why do spins prefer the lower energy level?

At body temperatures, however, this tendency for spins to “prefer” the lower energy level is opposed by thermal motions that tend to equalize the two energy levels. The resultant equilibrium distribution is therefore a compromise predicted by the Boltzmann distribution

How does the energy of spin pairing change?

Electron spin pairing energy transition from ↑↑ (in two orbitals) to ↑↓ (in one orbital) is characterized by a decrease of the electronic repulsion. Atomic radii for transition metals decrease from left to right because added d electrons do not shield each other very well from the increasing nuclear charge (↑ Z e f f ).