Who introduced 9th schedule?

It was created by the new Article 31B, which along with Article 31A was brought in by the government to protect laws related to agrarian reform and for abolishing the Zamindari system. While Article 31A extends protection to ‘classes’ of laws, Article 31B shields specific laws or enactments.

What is 9th Constitution of India?

(1) Seats shall be reserved for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes in every Municipality and the number of seats so reserved shall bear, as nearly as may be, the same proportion to the total number of seats to be filled by direct election in that Municipality as the population of the Scheduled Castes in the …

How many items come in 9th schedule?

All the 13 Acts included in the Ninth Schedule, when it was first inserted in Part III of the Constitution vide Article 31-B in 1951, were concerned with the abolition of zamindari and allied matters relating to agrarian reforms. It has been amended several times since and now consists of 284 Acts.

Is 9th Schedule judicial review Indian Constitution?

In a landmark ruling on 11 January 2007, the Supreme Court of India ruled that all laws (including those in the Ninth Schedule) would be open to Judicial Review if they violated the basic structure of the constitution.

Why is the ninth schedule?

The Ninth Schedule contains a list of central and state laws which cannot be challenged in courts. It was created by the new Article 31B, which along with 31A was brought in by the government to protect laws related to agrarian reform and for abolishing the Zamindari system.

Can Ninth Schedule be challenged?

“The Ninth Schedule was brought in the Indian Constitution on 18 June 1951 to abolish Zamindari system. The Ninth Schedule contains a list of laws that cannot be challenged in courts. Out of 284 such laws which are shielded from judicial review, 90 per cent of laws are about agriculture and landholding.

Is Article 31 a fundamental right?

Article 31 provided that “no person shall be deprived of his property save by authority of law.” It also provided that compensation would be paid to a person whose property has been taken for public purposes. The 44th Amendment of 1978 removed the right to property from the list of fundamental rights.

Can 9th schedule be challenged?

The Ninth Schedule contains a list of central and state laws which cannot be challenged in courts. Currently, 284 such laws are shielded from judicial review. The Schedule became a part of the Constitution in 1951, when the document was amended for the first time.

What are the 12 schedules in Indian Constitution?

12 Schedules of Indian Constitution PDF:

Which amendment added 9th schedule?

In 1976, the Constitution 42nd (amendment) Act further added 64 laws to the Ninth Schedule. The 47th Constitutional Amendment, 1984 added more laws and the number of Acts in the Ninth Schedule rose to 202.

What was the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India?

(Article 31B) 1. The Bihar Land Reforms Act, 1950 (Bihar Act XXX of 1950). 2. The Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 (Bombay Act LXVII of 1948). 3. The Bombay Maleki Tenure Abolition Act, 1949 (Bombay Act LXI of 1949). 4. The Bombay Taluqdari Tenure Abolition Act, 1949 (Bombay Act LXII of 1949). 5.

Is the Ninth Schedule of the Constitution open to judicial review?

Although Article 31B excludes judicial review, the apex court has said in the past that even laws under the Ninth Schedule would be open to scrutiny if they violated fundamental rights or the basic structure of the Constitution.

Is the 9th Schedule immune to judicial review in India?

In a landmark ruling on 11 January 2007, the Supreme Court of India ruled that all laws (including those in the Ninth Schedule) would be open to Judicial Review if they violated the basic structure of the constitution.

How many times has the Ninth Schedule been amended?

Since the First Amendment, the Ninth Schedule has been relied upon to amend the constitution multiple times over. The 4th amendment inserted six acts to the 9th schedule. The 17th amendment added 44 more acts.