What material is used for Apexification?

Traditionally, calcium hydroxide is the material of choice to induce apexification. Due to certain drawbacks such as prolonged treatment duration and unpredictable apical barrier formation, it is being replaced by materials, which have a more predictable outcome like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

What is the difference between Apexogenesis and Apexification?

Apexification is a method of inducing a calcified barrier at the apex of a nonvital tooth with incomplete root formation. Apexogenesis refers to a vital pulp therapy procedure performed to encourage physiological development and formation of the root end.

What is the effect of calcium hydroxide?

Currently calcium hydroxide is often used as an intra-canal medication during root canal treatment. It has a pH of approximately 12.5, and it has antimicrobial activity, tissue-dissolving ability, inhibits tooth resorption and induces repair by hard tissue formation.

What does calcium hydroxide do to pulp?

Calcium hydroxide continues to be the most accepted material for pulp capping. When calcium hydroxide is placed in contact with the pulp tissue, it preserves vitality, with no inflammatory response, stimulating the formation of a mineralized tissue barrier7.

When do we use Apexification?

Apexification is most often performed in incisors that lost vitality because of traumatic injury, after carious exposures, and in teeth with anatomic variations such as dens invaginatus with an immature root.

What is Metapex?

A temporary root canal filling material with excellent radiopacity, Metapex is an antibacterial, premixed paste composed of calcium hydroxide with iodoform. Priced at less than half the cost of leading brands, Metapex is ideal for many applications: Exposed pulp in capping and pulpotomy.

Why does calcium hydroxide causes internal resorption in primary teeth?

According to Ravi et al., calcium hydroxide-induced resorption in deciduous teeth may be attributed to: (1) inflammatory cytokines, which contribute to transformation of pre-odontoclasts to odontoclasts (2) preexisting progenitor cells with a tendency to transform into odontoclasts, and loss of protective layer of …

Is MTA used in Apexogenesis?

Apexogenesis is defined as a vital pulp therapy of an immature tooth that permits continued root formation and apical closure. In the past, there have been 2 major agents used over the years to achieve apexogenesis. One is calcium hydroxide USP (CaOH) and the other is called mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Is calcium hydroxide safe in food?

Food-grade calcium hydroxide is generally safe. However, if you work with industrial-grade calcium hydroxide, ingesting it can result in calcium hydroxide poisoning. This can lead to severe injury or death.

Is calcium hydroxide A antibiotic?

Calcium hydroxide has a wide range of antimicrobial activity against common endodontic pathogens but is less effective against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans. Calcium hydroxide is also a valuable anti-endotoxin agent. However, its effect on microbial biofilms is controversial.

When would you use calcium hydroxide liner?

Calcium hydroxide liners are used for its bioinductive and antimicrobial activity. It should be only used in the deepest spots in the cavity where the RDT is ≤0.5 mm. The placement of calcium hydroxide should be followed by a layer of RMGI to protect it from its drawbacks.

Why do dentists use calcium hydroxide?

Key Points. Calcium hydroxide is used in both the preservation of the vital pulp and the disinfection of the prepared root canal system. To achieve success in direct pulp capping a strict aseptic regime must be followed. Various forms of root resorption, their aetiology and treatment, are considered.

When to use calcium hydroxide for apexification?

Calcium hydroxide or its combination with other materials has been the most commonly used material for apexification. Apexification with calcium hydroxide involves repeated stimulations with calcium hydroxide, over a period of 6- 24 months, until apical closure is achieved.

What can calcium hydroxide be used for in food?

Here are some of the other ways calcium hydroxide is used in food: People in Central America have been using calcium hydroxide to process corn for thousands of years. They soak raw kernels in water mixed with calcium hydroxide. This process makes it easier to process corn into flour.

What happens if you swallow industrial grade calcium hydroxide?

However, if you work with industrial-grade calcium hydroxide, ingesting it can result in calcium hydroxide poisoning. This can lead to severe injury or death. Some signs and symptoms of calcium hydroxide poisoning include: Swallowing industry-grade calcium hydroxide is a medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

What kind of paste is used for apexification?

Apexification is a process of forming a mineralized apical barrier and had been performed by using calcium hydroxide paste, due to its biological and healing performances in cases of existent trauma.