What is the purpose of the glyoxylate shunt?

The glyoxylate shunt is frequently associated with its role in the metabolism of two-carbon substrates, such as acetate, and the replenishment of TCA cycle intermediates essential for the production of biomolecules (Vanni et al., 1990; Schwalbach et al., 2010; Carini et al., 2012).

What is the difference between glyoxylate cycle and TCA cycle?

There is a difference between the TCA and glyoxylate cycle. In the citric acid cycle the conversion of isocitrate to malate is an aerobic process, in glyoxylate cycle the conversion takes place anaerobically.

How many ATP are produced in glyoxylate cycle?

The regeneration of oxalacetate in glyoxylate cycle involves malate oxidation, which produces 1 NADH that yields 2.5 ATPs in oxidative phosphorylation (step B-5 in Figure 1).

What happens in glyoxylate pathway?

In plants the glyoxylate cycle occurs in special peroxisomes which are called glyoxysomes. This cycle allows seeds to use lipids as a source of energy to form the shoot during germination. The seed cannot produce biomass using photosynthesis because of lack of an organ to perform this function.

What is the glycolate pathway?

glycolate cycle A complex metabolic pathway, parts of which occur in the chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes of plant cells. Its principal function is thought to be the formation of the amino acids serine and glycine from non-phosphorylated intermediates of the carbon reduction cycle of photosynthesis.

What is glycolate pathway?

What is the site of glyoxylate pathway?

3.2 The Glyoxylate Cycle. The glyoxylate cycle occurs in the peroxisomes and converts the acetyl-CoA produced by ß-oxidation of fatty acids into succinate (Fig. 10.1). Then, succinate is converted in malate through the TCA cycle.

Why do plants use the glyoxylate cycle?

The glyoxylate cycle allows plants and some microorganisms to grow on acetate because the cycle bypasses the decarboxylation steps of the citric acid cycle. Bacteria and plants can synthesize acetyl CoA from acetate and CoA by an ATP-driven reaction that is catalyzed by acetyl CoA synthetase.

Is acetyl-CoA a protein?

Acetyl-CoA (acetyl coenzyme A) is a molecule that participates in many biochemical reactions in protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism….

Which is the last product of glyoxylate pathway?

The two key enzymes of the cycle attach acetyl-CoA first to glyoxylate (to form malate, which is oxidized to oxaloacetate) and then to oxaloacetate (to form citrate). In the last step, isocitrate is cleaved to produce the product, succinate, and reform glyoxylate, for which the cycle is named (Figure 6(a)).

What is photorespiration glycolate pathway?

Photorespiration or Glycolate Pathway: It is interesting to know that in the plants possessing Calvin cycle, the enzyme RuBP carboxylase can initiate the reversal of photosynthetic reactions. This process is called photorespiration or glycolate pathway as it occurs at high rate in the presence of light.