What is the Fenske Underwood Gilliland method?

The mathematical model of the column is obtained by performing a total mass balance and partial mass balances to component “ i .” The Fenske-Underwood-Gilliland method is used to find the functional relationship between the compositions of the bottom and the dome of the column.

What is Gilliland equation?

An empirical equation used to estimate the number of stages required in a distillation column. It uses the minimum number of stages as well as minimum and actual reflux ratios in the calculation. It is named after American chemical engineer Edwin Gilliland (… …

How do you calculate minimum reflux ratio?

Minimum Reflux Ratio (Rm) Draw a line from ( xD, yD) passing through ( x1, y1) with an intercept xD / (Rm + 1) on Y axis. Reflux ratio is calculated as 1.5 times the minimum reflux ratio.

What is the minimum reflux ratio?

The minimum reflux ratio Rm is the limiting reflux where the operating line either touches the equilibrium curve or intersects the equilibrium curve at the q-line. The minimum reflux ratio will require an infinite number of trays to attain the specified separation of xD and xB.

What is more volatile component?

The component in a heterogeneous mixture that has the highest vapour pressure. In the separation of a mixture of volatile liquids by distillation, the more volatile component rises to the top of the distillation column for separation while the least volatile component is retained at the bottom of the column…. …

How do you calculate optimum reflux ratio?

The reflux ratio is defined as the ratio of the liquid returned to the column divided by the liquid removed as product, i.e., R = Lc/D. Figure 2 also shows the column as a series of theoretical plates.

How do you make a Mccabe Thiele diagram?

Target product quality (composition) of the top and bottom products.

1. Step 1: Establish the Plot.
2. Step 2: Add 45 Degree line.
3. Step 3: Add Equilibrium Data.
4. Step 4: Choose Product Compositions.
5. Step 5: Add the Feed Condition Line.
6. Step 6: The Rectifying Section.
7. Step 7: The Stripping Section.
8. Step 8: Stepping Down the Plot.

What is a good reflux ratio?

Typically the optimum reflux ratio is approximately 1.2 to 1.5 times Rmin.

What is actual reflux ratio?

The Reflux ratio is the ratio between the boil up rate and the take-off rate or in other words, it is the ratio between the amount of reflux that goes back down the distillation column and the amount of reflux that is collected in the receiver (distillate). Binary distillation is a special distillation process.

What if relative volatility is less than 1?

As the temperature and/or pressure (Q in the diagram) increases from condition 1 to condition 4, the relative volatility (α in the diagram) decreases to a value of 1, and separation of the components by distillation is no longer possible since at that point there is no difference in the vapor pressures of the binary …

Is petrol volatile in nature?

➡ Petrol Is Most Volatile . ➡Some hydrocarbons are more volatile (evaporate morequickly) than petrol.

How did Fenske Underwood Gilliland get his name?

The method, we are going to illustrate in this section, is known under the name of “Fenske-Underwood- Gilliland” (FUG), from the three guys which developed the three different parts of the method in order to get the ideal number of stages of a multicomponent distillation column. The method follows the here below sequence of steps:

How is the Fenske equation used in distillation?

The Fenske equation in continuous fractional distillation is an equation used for calculating the minimum number of theoretical plates required for the separation of a binary feed stream by a fractionation column that is being operated at total reflux (i.e., which means that no overhead product distillate is being withdrawn from the column).

When to use the Fenske equation in total reflux?

If the relative volatility is not constant from top to bottom of the column, then the following approximation may be used: is the relative volatility of light key to heavy key at bottom of column. The above forms of the Fenske equation can be modified for use in the total reflux distillation of multi-component feeds.

Which is the second Underwood equation for the calculation of φ?

Apply the first Underwood equation for the calculation of φ. Step 2. Apply the second Underwood equation for the calculation of R min: Please for the derivation of the Underwood’s equations, see the attached = = −1 D V D L Rmin min pdf file. Calculation of the finite reflux The further step is the calculation of the finite reflux.