What is the effect of LPS activation of cells?

LPS triggers the abundant secretion of many cytokines from macrophages including IL-1 (1), IL-6 (2), and TNF-α (3), which together contributes to the pathophysiology of septic shock. The major cell surface receptor for LPS on macrophages is CD14, a 55-kD glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol–linked membrane protein (4).

Are vascular endothelial cells epithelial?

Endothelium is a single layer of squamous endothelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. The endothelium forms an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall….

How does the endothelial cell respond to LPs?

Endothelial cells (EC) line all blood vessels and are one of the first cells to respond to microbial product such as Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ( 3 ). During sepsis, EC respond to LPS via the activation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), producing pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules ( 4 ).

What’s the difference between epithelial and endothelial cells?

Epithelial cells and endothelial cells are two types of cells that line body surfaces. Endothelial cells are a specialized type of epithelial cells.

How does lipopolysaccharide work in endothelial cells?

In endothelial cells, exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major cell wall constituent of Gram-negative bacteria, results in endothelial activation through a receptor complex consisting of TLR4, CD14 and MD2.

How are epithelial cells attached to the lamina?

This means the basal surface of the epithelial cells are attached to the basal lamina and the apical surface of the cells face the lumen. Epithelial cells are arranged together to create a continuous sheet, by forming desmosomes and tight junctions.