What is QVA149?

QVA149 (indacaterol/glycopyrronium) [Xoterna(®) Breezhaler(®), Ultibro(®) Breezhaler(®)] is an inhaled fixed-dose combination of indacaterol (a long-acting selective β2-adrenergic receptor agonist [LABA]) and glycopyrronium (a long-acting muscarinic receptor antagonist [LAMA]) that has been approved in the EU and Japan …

How does COPD affect the pharynx?

Patients with COPD have an increased prevalence of oral–pharyngeal dysphagia as a consequence of impaired respiration and swallowing coordination function.

How does COPD affect the pulmonary capillaries?

Airflow obstruction in COPD causes air to become trapped in the lungs after a full exhalation, increasing the effort required to breathe. Also in COPD, the number of capillaries in the walls of the alveoli decreases. These abnormalities impair the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood.

Which is better, qva149 or SFC for COPD?

In this study (LANTERN), the efficacy and safety of QVA149 was compared with that of SFC in predominantly Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe COPD with a history of ≤1 exacerbation in the previous year. Some of the results of this study have been previously reported in the form of an abstract. 20

Who is Mr J with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

A 53-year-old white man, Mr. J, has a history of hypertension, chronic bilateral knee pain, right knee replacement, tonsillectomy, and a 30 pack-year smoking history. He presents with a nonproductive cough that began approximately one year ago and shortness of breath for the past three months.

How does the gold combined assessment work for COPD?

The GOLD Combined Assessment uses these patient questionnaires, number of exacerbations per year, and degree of airflow obstruction to classify persons with COPD into one of four disease categories ( Table 3 ). 4 Clinicians can use these categories to help guide therapy.

When to use long acting beta 2 agonist for COPD?

Monotherapy with a long-acting beta 2 agonist or long-acting anticholinergic is recommended for symptomatic patients with COPD whose FEV 1 is less than 60% of predicted. Initial monotherapy with a long-acting beta 2 agonist or long-acting anticholinergic is recommended for patients with COPD.