What does glucose sensitive mean?

Glucose intolerance is an umbrella term for metabolic conditions which result in higher than normal blood glucose levels – hyperglycemia.

What is insulin promoter?

The promoter of the gene encoding insulin comprises sequences that are immediately upstream of the transcription initiation site1,2,3,4,5. The insulin gene is specifically expressed in pancreatic β cells4,5,6, and its promoter regulates the rate of transcription in response to physiological regulators7.

What is insulin’s role with glucose?

The role of insulin in the body If you don’t have diabetes, insulin helps: Regulate blood sugar levels. After you eat, carbohydrates break down into glucose, a sugar that is the body’s primary source of energy. Glucose then enters the bloodstream.

Which organ plays a role in glucose maintenance?

The liver plays a major role in blood glucose homeostasis by maintaining a balance between the uptake and storage of glucose via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. The liver is the primary organ for glucose metabolism. About 90% of all circulating glucose not derived directly from the diet comes from the liver.

How does glucose regulate the expression of genes?

Glucose is known to regulate the transcription of several genes involved in the major metabolic pathways in the liver ( 24 ). The hepatic glucose-sensing apparatus enables glucose to regulate the expression of glucose-responsive genes such as L-type pyruvate kinase, S14, fatty acid synthase, and GLUT2.

How does PPAR-γ contribute to glucose homeostasis?

Improved glucose homeostasis may be achieved either by systemic insulin sensitization or by direct action of PPAR-γ on the transcription of genes involved in the glucose disposal. Evidence supporting the direct action of PPAR-γ on glucose metabolism has been reported.

How does glucokinase play a role in diabetes?

In the liver, glucokinase plays a key role in the ability to store glucose as glycogen, particularly in the postprandial state. Figure 31-2. Model of a pancreatic beta cell and the proteins implicated in maturity-onset diabetes of the young.

What is the role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ?

The improved insulin sensitivity may be achieved either by systemic insulin sensitization or by direct action of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ on the transcription of genes involved in glucose disposal.