What are the 2 categories of a nitrogenous base?
What are the 2 categories of a nitrogenous base?
Nitrogenous bases present in the DNA can be grouped into two categories: purines (Adenine (A) and Guanine (G)), and pyrimidine (Cytosine (C) and Thymine (T)). These nitrogenous bases are attached to C1′ of deoxyribose through a glycosidic bond.
What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA?
RNA consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine. Uracil is a pyrimidine that is structurally similar to the thymine, another pyrimidine that is found in DNA. Like thymine, uracil can base-pair with adenine (Figure 2).
What are the two pairs of nitrogenous bases in RNA?
Nitrogenous Bases in RNA RNA uses adenine, guanine, and cytosine, like DNA. However, in place of thymine, RNA uses uracil. Uracil pairs with adenine and guanine and cytosine pair together.
What are the 2 complementary base pairs of RNA?
DNA and RNA base pair complementarity
| Nucleic Acid | Nucleobases | Base complement |
|---|---|---|
| DNA | adenine(A), thymine(T), guanine(G), cytosine(C) | A = T, G ≡ C |
| RNA | adenine(A), uracil(U), guanine(G), cytosine(C) | A = U, G ≡ C |
What is the basic structure of A nitrogenous base?
The nitrogenous bases adenine (A) and guanine (G) are the purines; they have a double-ring structure with a six-carbon ring fused to a five-carbon ring. The pyrimidines, cytosine (C) and thymine (T), are smaller nitrogenous bases that have only a six-carbon ring structure.
Why is it called nitrogenous base?
The basic property derives from the lone electron pair on the nitrogen atom. The nitrogen bases are also called nucleobases because they play a major role as building blocks of the nucleic acids deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
Which nitrogenous base is only found in RNA?
uracil
The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). The nitrogenous bases in RNA are the same, with one exception: adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U), and cytosine (C).
Why does A pair with T and C with G?
The answer has to do with hydrogen bonding that connects the bases and stabilizes the DNA molecule. A and T form two hydrogen bonds while C and G form three. It’s these hydrogen bonds that join the two strands and stabilize the molecule, which allows it to form the ladder-like double helix.
What does T pair with in RNA?
Bases pair off together in a double helix structure, these pairs being A and T, and C and G. RNA doesn’t contain thymine bases, replacing them with uracil bases (U), which pair to adenine1.
What are the base pairing rules for RNA?
DNA and RNA bases are also held together by chemical bonds and have specific base pairing rules. In DNA/RNA base pairing, adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). The conversion of DNA to mRNA occurs when an RNA polymerase makes a complementary mRNA copy of a DNA “template” sequence.
What is nitrogenous base in DNA?
Nitrogenous base: A molecule that contains nitrogen and has the chemical properties of a base. The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), thymine (T), and cytosine (C). The nitrogenous bases in RNA are the same, with one exception: adenine (A), guanine (G), uracil (U), and cytosine (C).
What are the four nitrogen bases in RNA?
Nitrogenous bases: RNA has four nitrogen bases – Adenine (A), Uracil (U), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G). We can now observe that why DNA differs from RNA as one nitrogen base is different in both the molecules. Adenine and Guanine are considered as the major building blocks in both RNA and DNA molecules.
Which is the most important nitrogenous base in DNA?
Although there are many nitrogenous bases, the five most important to know are the bases found in DNA and RNA, which are also used as energy carriers in biochemical reactions. These are adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil. Each base has what is known as a complementary base that it binds to exclusively to form DNA and RNA.
How are the bases of DNA and RNA the same?
Three out of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA are the same (cytosine, adenine, guanine). They both possess a phosphate backbone to which the bases attach.
When do nitrogenous bases bond with each other?
Summary. Base pairsoccur when nitrogenous bases makehydrogen bonds with each other. Each basehas a specific partner: guanine with cytosine, adenine with thymine (in DNA) or adenine with uracil (in RNA). The hydrogen bonds are weak, allowing DNA to ‘unzip’.