What are pluripotent mesenchymal cells?

MSC are multipotent stem cells present in adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. iPS cells are the most promising among those classified as pluripotent because of their high plasticity, similar to ESC, without its controversial origin.

What is undifferentiated mesenchymal cells?

Undifferentiated mesenchymal (UM) cells, the progenitor cells of the cartilage layer, have been assigned a significant role in TMJ articular tissue maintenance. This was based on reports of UM cell reduction with increased soft-tissue thickness for the condyle and temporal component.

What are examples of mesenchymal cells?

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), or stromal stem cells, can differentiate into many different types of cells within the body, including: Bone cells, Cartilage, Muscle cells, Neural cells, Skin cells, and Corneal cells.

What is a mesenchymal stromal cell?

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the spindle shaped plastic-adherent cells isolated from bone marrow, adipose, and other tissue sources, with multipotent differentiation capacity in vitro. MSCs were first described by Friendenstein as hematopoietic supportive cells of bone marrow.

Where can you find mesenchymal stem cells ( MSCs )?

For years, researchers believed that mesenchymal stem cells only existed within bone marrow. However, research has found that there are a variety of sources for MSCs, including umbilical cord tissue, body fat, molar teeth, and amniotic fluid.

What are the effects of mesenchymal stromal cells?

The immunomodulatory potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and regulatory T cells (T-reg) is well recognized by translational scientists in the field of regenerative medicine and cellular therapies.

How is multipotency maintained in mesenchymal stem cells?

MSCs have a great capacity for self-renewal while maintaining their multipotency. Recent work suggests that β-catenin, via regulation of EZH2 , is a central molecule in maintaining “stemness” of MSC’s. The standard test to confirm multipotency is differentiation of the cells into osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes as well as myocytes.

Can a mesenchymal stem cell reconstitute an organ?

The cells do not have the capacity to reconstitute an entire organ. Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized morphologically by a small cell body with a few cell processes that are long and thin.