How does an R-2R ladder work?

The R-2R resistor ladder network directly converts a parallel digital symbol/word into an analog voltage. Each digital input (b0, b1, etc.) adds its own weighted contribution to the analog output. This network has some unique and interesting properties.

What is r2r ladder network?

An R–2R ladder is a simple and inexpensive way to perform digital-to-analog conversion, using repetitive arrangements of precise resistor networks in a ladder-like configuration. A string resistor ladder implements the non-repetitive reference network.

How do you solve R-2R ladder?

Equation (2) can be used to calculate the full-scale output of an R/2R ladder of N bits. An R/2R ladder of 4 bits would have a full-scale output voltage of 1/2 +1/4 + 1/8 + 1/16 = 15Vr/16 or 0.9375 volts (if Vr=1 volt) while a 10 bit R/2R ladder would have a full-scale output voltage of 0.99902 (if Vr=1 volt).

What is the purpose of a resistor ladder?

A logarithmic resistor ladder is an electronic circuit composed of a series of resistors and switches, designed to create an attenuation from an input to an output signal, where the logarithm of the attenuation ratio is proportional to a digital code word that represents the state of the switches.

What can a R-2R ladder network be used for?

R-2R ladder networks provide a simple means to convert digital information to an analog output Although simple in design and function, applying an R-2R resistor network to a real application requires attention to how the device is specified.

What is the output voltage of the R-2R ladder?

An enhancement of the binary-weighted resistor DAC is the R-2R ladder network. The R-2Rnetwork consists of resistors with only two values – R and 2xR. If each input is supplied either 0 volts or reference voltage, the output voltage will be an analog equivalent of the binary value of the three bits.

How does the R2R DAC ladder digital to analog work?

The R-2R resistor ladder network directly converts a parallel digital symbol/word into an analog voltage. Each digital input (b0, b1, etc.) adds its own weighted contribution to the analog output. This network has some unique and interesting properties. Uses only two values of resistors which make for easy and accurate fabrication and integration

How is the R-2R resistor network used in real life?

Although simple in design and function, applying an R-2R resistor network to a real application requires attention to how the device is specified. Output errors due to resistor tolerances are often overlooked in the design of the digital to analog conversion (DAC) circuit and in the selection of the R-2R ladder itself