Does rapamycin induce autophagy?

Rapamycin is a potent inducer of autophagy in a diverse range of cell lines from yeast to mammalian cells tested to date, including neuron-like cells. However, its downstream targets that regulate autophagy are still unknown in mammalian cells.

How does rapamycin activate autophagy?

Rapamycin is a well-studied inhibitor of mTOR, which specifically binds to mTOR and activates the autophagy of cells [25]. To better discriminate the role of mTOR protein in Rapamycin-triggered autophagy, we used WB to detect the expression of mTOR and p-mTOR.

What is autophagy induction?

Autophagy is induced under a number of stresses, including starvation, organelle/DNA damage, hypoxia, ER stress, and pathogen infection. 5-8. Here we demonstrate that autophagy also plays a conserved role in the response to mechanical stress.

How does rapamycin induced autophagy inhibit endplate degeneration?

Rapamycin Induced Autophagy Inhibits Inflammation-Mediated Endplate Degeneration by Enhancing Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling of Cartilage Endplate Stem Cells Cartilage endplate (CEP) calcification inhibits the transport of metabolites and nutrients in the intervertebral disk and is an important initiating factor of intervertebral disk degeneration.

Are there any inhibitors or inducers of autophagy?

Autophagy Inducers and Inhibitors Small molecules able to inhibit or induce autophagic activity provide a mechanism to modulate and study autophagy at the single cell and organismal level. In contrast to genetic models, pharmacological agents allow temporal and dose control.

How is rapamycin used in pluripotent stem cells?

Rapamycin regulates autophagy and cell adhesion in induced pluripotent stem cells High levels of basal autophagy activity are present during iPSC derivation and maintenance. Rapamycin alters expression of actin cytoskeleton and adherens junctions, induces uniform EB formation, and accelerates differentiation.

How does rapamycin block the bafilomycin effect?

Block of autophagy by bafilomycin induces iPSC death and rapamycin attenuates the bafilomycin effect. Rapamycin treatment upregulates autophagy in iPSCs in a dose/time-dependent manner.