What is the most common cause of mitral valvular disease?

Rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever is the most common cause of mitral valve stenosis. It can damage the mitral valve by causing the flaps to thicken or fuse. Signs and symptoms of mitral valve stenosis might not show up for years.

What is closed mitral commissurotomy?

A closed mitral valve commissurotomy is performed either through a left posterolateral or anterolateral thoracotomy at the level of the 5th rib. The lung is then retracted in the posteroinferior position. An incision is made parallel to the phrenic nerve, and the pericardium is opened then traction sutures are placed.

What are the signs and symptoms of mitral stenosis?

Signs & Symptoms of Mitral Valve Stenosis Shortness of breath with exertion or when lying flat. Shortness of breath and coughing during the night. Swollen ankles and feet. Heart palpitations (rapid, fluttering heartbeat)

What is multi valvular heart disease?

Multiple valvular heart disease (VHD), ie, the combination of stenotic or regurgitant lesions occurring on ≥2 cardiac valves, and mixed VHD, ie, the combination of stenotic and regurgitant lesions on the same valve, are highly prevalent conditions.

What are the risks of heart valve commissurotomy?

Severe valve calcification or significant thickening or specially calcification of the subvalvular apparatus on echocardiography before PMBC is related to a higher rate of complications and a greater risk of relapse.

What kind of heart disease is valvular heart disease?

About 13% of people born before 1943 have valvular heart disease. 1 Rheumatic heart disease most commonly affects the mitral valve (which has only two leaflets; Figure 2) or the aortic valve, but any valve can be affected, and more than one can be involved.

Why is mitral valve repair with open commissurotomy decreasing?

Mitral repair with open commissurotomy is decreasingly used, resulting from a progressive decline in the United States of the frequency of rheumatic valvular disease and the recognition that repair of such valves is fraught with recurrence as a result of postoperative progression of the postinflammatory fibrosis.

How does commissurotomy reduce the severity of seizures?

By eliminating the connection between the two hemispheres of a patient’s brain, electrical communication would be cut off greatly diminishing the amount and severity of the epileptic seizures. For some, seizures would be completely eliminated.