What is the mechanism of action of ritonavir?

Mechanism of Action: Lopinavir/ritonavir inhibits the HIV protease enzyme by forming an inhibitor-enzyme complex thereby preventing cleavage of the gag-pol polyproteins. Immature, non- infectious viral particles are subsequently produced.

What is the principle of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

Pharmacokinetics represents the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drugs from the body. Pharmacodynamics describes the interaction of drugs with target tissues.

Is Half Life pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic?

The elimination half-life of a drug is a pharmacokinetic parameter that is defined as the time it takes for the concentration of the drug in the plasma or the total amount in the body to be reduced by 50%. In other words, after one half-life, the concentration of the drug in the body will be half of the starting dose.

Is pharmacodynamics the same as pharmacology?

Pharmacology is the study of the interactions between drugs and the body. The difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is that pharmacokinetics (PK) is defined as the movement of drugs through the body, whereas pharmacodynamics (PD) is defined as the body’s biological response to drugs.

Who owns ritonavir?

Ritonavir is manufactured as Norvir by AbbVie, Inc..

Who invented ritonavir?

Dr Dale Kempf has nearly 35 years of pharmaceutical R&D experience, mostly in antiviral and infectious diseases research. He is a co-inventor of Norvir™ (ritonavir) and Kaletra™ (lopinavir/ritonavir), HIV protease inhibitors that are widely used for the therapy of HIV infection.

What are the principles of pharmacodynamics?

Pharmacodynamic mechanisms regulate the effects of drugs on the human body. As noted earlier, drug-receptor binding results in multiple, complex chemical interactions. The site on the receptor at which a drug binds is called its binding site.

What is an example of pharmacodynamics?

Examples of pharmacodynamic interactions are simultaneous administration of a NSAID and phenprocoumon (additive interaction), or of aspirin and ibuprofen (antagonistic interaction).

What are the 4 steps of pharmacodynamics?

Think of pharmacokinetics as a drug’s journey through the body, during which it passes through four different phases: absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

What are examples of pharmacodynamics?

Drug interactions occur on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels. Examples of pharmacodynamic interactions are simultaneous administration of a NSAID and phenprocoumon (additive interaction), or of aspirin and ibuprofen (antagonistic interaction).

How much does ritonavir cost?

This medicine can lower, but not fully prevent, the risk of spreading HIV to others. The lowest GoodRx price for the most common version of ritonavir is around $42.41, 82% off the average retail price of $237.21.