What is the meaning of nonylphenol?

Nonylphenols are a family of closely related organic compounds composed of phenol bearing a 9 carbon-tail. Nonylphenols can come in numerous structures, all of which may be considered alkylphenols. The estrogenicity and biodegradation heavily depends on the branching of the nonyl sidechain.

What does nonylphenol do?

Q1. What are NP/NPEs? NP/NPEs, also known as nonylphenols and nonylphenol ethoxylates, are nonionic surfactants, or detergent-like substances, with uses that lead to widespread release into aquatic environments. NP/NPEs are highly toxic to aquatic life.

Is nonylphenol toxic?

Nonylphenol is a toxic xenobiotic compound classified as an endocrine disrupter capable of interfering with the hormonal system of numerous organisms. Nonylphenol ethoxylates reach sewage treatment works in substantial quantities where they biodegrade into several by-products including nonylphenol.

Is nonylphenol an organic compound?

Environmental pollutant arising from the degradation of nonionic surfactants in sewage Nonoxynol-9, one of the APEs, is used as a surfactant in cleaning and cosmetic products, and as a spermicide in contraceptives.; Nonylphenol is an organic compound of the wider family of alkylphenols.

What is difference between phenol and nonylphenol?

The key difference between phenol and nonylphenol is that phenol has a hydroxyl group substituted into a benzene ring whereas nonylphenol has a hydroxyl group and another organic group substituted to a benzene ring.

What products contain nonylphenol ethoxylate?

Commonly used in:

• Household paints, colorants and wood finishes.
• Clothing and textiles.
• Paint and stain removers.
• Surface and drain cleaners.
• Indoor pesticides.
• Food packaging (contains related chemicals)
• Footwear, toys and games (contains 4-nonylphenol)

Why are nonylphenol ethoxylates bad?

These chemicals can mimic the hormone estrogen to cause early menstruation, low sperm counts, and poor reproductive health. …

Is nonylphenol ethoxylate harmful to humans?

Potential health effects include: Skin and eye irritation. Reproductive harm. Birth defects. Persistent and bioaccumulative.

What are alkylphenol ethoxylates?

Alkylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants, consisting of branched-chain alkylphenols, which have been reacted with ethylene oxide, pro-ducing an ethoxylate chain. TR01, capable of growing on nonylphenol ethoxylate (9.5) as the sole source of carbon and energy.

Is nonylphenol a phenol?

Nonylphenol is a derivative of phenol which has a nine carbon tail attached to a phenol molecule. The chemical formula of this compound is C15H24O. Nonylphenol falls under the category of alkylphenols. However, the pure compound is colourless.

Is nonylphenol banned?

Nonylphenol ethoxylates to be banned in imported clothing and textiles. The European Union’s REACH Chemicals Committee has voted unanimously to implement a ban on imported textiles and clothing containing nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) above a maximum permitted level of 0.01 % m/m.

What is APEO test?

Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) is the term used to describe the group of organic substances of which NPEO is one. These are mainly used as washing and cleaning agents (i.e. surfactants) and are used for textile and leather processing.

What kind of liquid is 4-nonylphenol used for?

IDENTIFICATION: 4-Nonylphenol is a thick, yellow liquid. It is very slightly to insoluble in water. USE: 4-Nonylphenol is used to make lubricating oil additives, resins, plasticizers, fungicides, rubbers and plastics. These products are used in industry, agriculture and in the home.

How is the boiling point of nonylphenol determined?

Moreover, the alkyl chains can exist as either linear n-alkyl chains, or complex branched chains. Nonylphenol is commonly obtained as a mixture of isomers, and is thus usually found as a pale yellow liquid at room temperature with a freezing point of -10°C and a boiling point of 295-320°C.

What are the SFE conditions for 4-nonylphenol?

Milder SFE conditions (97 bar and 40 °C) using CO 2 modified with methanol (added directly to the sample) were reported in the case of 4-nonylphenol (a metabolite of non-ionic nonylphenol polyethoxylates) from sewage sludge.

What are the properties of nonylphenol ethoxylates in water?

Structure and basic properties. Nonylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic in water, which means that they have no charge. Because of this property they are used as detergents, cleaners, emulsifiers, and a variety of other applications. They are amphipathic, meaning they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties,…