What is sinusoidal pattern on CTG?

A sinusoidal pattern is an oscillating pattern which is typically smooth and regular. It has a relatively fixed period of 2-5 cycles per minute and has an amplitude of between 5 and 15 bpm around the baseline rate. Baseline variability is absent and there are no accelerations.

What does a sinusoidal pattern indicate?

SINUSOIDAL PATTERN It indicates severe fetal anemia, as occurs in cases of Rh disease or severe hypoxia.

What causes a sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern?

FETAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH SHR PATTERN: SHR pattern has been reported with the following fetal conditions: (1) severe fetal anemia of several etiologies; (2) effects of drugs, particularly narcotics; (3) fetal asphyxia/hypoxia; (4) fetal infection; (5) fetal cardiac anomalies; (6) fetal sleep cycles; and (7) …

Is EFM and CTG same?

The term electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is sometimes used synonymously with CTG monitoring, but is considered to be a less precise term because CTG monitoring also includes monitoring the mother’s contractions, and other forms of fetal monitoring might also be classed as ‘electronic’, such as fetal …

How long does a sinusoidal pattern last?

These authors noted that SHR pattern appeared approximately 19 min following alphaprodine administration and persisted for approximately 60 min. All infants were delivered with normal 5-minute Apgar scores without any perinatal deaths. In 27 cases of sinusoidal FHR pattern during labor, Ayromlooi et al.

What are the characteristics of a true sinusoidal pattern?

On the other hand, true sinusoidal FHR pattern is characterized by the following: (1) stable baseline FHR of 120–160 bpm; (2) amplitude of 5–15 bpm; (3) frequency of 2–5 cycles per minute; (4) fixed or flat short-term variability; (5) oscillations of the sinusoidal wave form above and below a baseline; and (6) no area …

How reliable is CTG?

Cardiotocography (CTG) has a 99.8% false positive rate in predicting CP, a very rare event.

How do you know if a contraction is CTG?

One transducer records the fetal heart rate using ultrasound and the other transducer monitors the contractions of the uterus by measuring the tension of the maternal abdominal wall (providing an indirect indication of intrauterine pressure). The CTG is then assessed by a midwife and the obstetric medical team.

What drugs cause sinusoidal pattern?

Other narcotics, such as butorphanol and nalbuphine, cause a sinusoidal fetal heart rate pattern that can mimic signs of hypoxia, although these drugs do not cause hypoxic injury. Lorazepam sometimes is used to potentiate the effects of opioids and provide anxiolysis.

What’s the meaning of sinusoidal?

: of, relating to, shaped like, or varying according to a sine curve or sine wave sinusoidal motion sinusoidal alternating current sinusoidal grooves.

What is suspicious CTG?

8.3 Suspicious If the CTG trace is categorised as suspicious: • Correct any underlying causes, such as hypotension or uterine hyperstimulation. • Perform a full set of maternal observations. • Start one or more conservative measures. • Inform an obstetrician or a senior midwife .

What is abnormal CTG?

An abnormal CTG has two or more features which are non-reassuring, or any abnormal features. Further information about classifying FHR traces: If repeated accelerations are present with reduced variability, the FHR trace should be regarded as reassuring.

What are the features of a pseudo sinusoidal trace?

The pseudo sinusoidal pattern is a false sinusoidal pattern. While it may on outward appearance share some features of the sinusoidal pattern, it is not as smooth and is not regular. The hallmark feature of a pseudo sinusoidal trace is the appearance of some period of normal baseline variability and accelerations. This pattern

What are the features of a normal CTG?

Normal intrapartumCTG trace: The normal intrapartum CTG is associated with a low probability of fetal compromise and has the following features:  Baseline FHR is between 110-160 bpm  Variability of FHR is between 6-25 bpm  Decelerations are absent or early  The significance of the presence or absence of accelerations is unclear.

When to use Continuous CTG during intermittent auscultation?

Continuous CTG is also recommended when abnormalities are detected during intermittent fetal auscultation. The use of continuous intrapartum CTG in low‐risk women is more controversial, although it has become standard of care in many countries.

What are some examples of erroneous interpretations of CTG?

Inadvertent use of paper scales to which the staff is unaccustomed may lead to erroneous interpretations of CTG features. For example, at 3 cm/min variability appears reduced to a clinician familiar with the 1 cm/min scale, while it may appear exaggerated in the opposite situation (see examples below).