What is intraperitoneal perforation?

The majority of colonic perforations are intraperitoneal, causing air and intracolonic contents to leak into the peritoneal space. This manifests as persistent abdominal pain and abdominal distention, later progressing to peritonitis. A plain radiograph may demonstrate free air under the diaphragm.

What causes perforation during colonoscopy?

Colonic perforation occurs in 0.03–0.8% of colonoscopies [1, 2] and is the most feared complication with a mortality rate as high as 25% [1]. It may result from mechanical forces against the bowel wall, barotrauma, or as a direct result of therapeutic procedures.

What causes spontaneous bowel perforation?

Bowel perforations may occur spontaneously (unexpectedly) as a result of a medical condition or instead be a complication of various diagnostic and surgical procedures that accidentally create a hole in the colon. Trauma, especially blunt trauma to the abdomen, is also an important cause of bowel perforations.

Can colonoscopy cause perforation?

Abstract. Colon perforation is an uncommon but serious complication of colonoscopy. It may occur as either intraperitoneal or extraperitoneal perforation or in combination. The majority of colonic perforations are intraperitoneal, causing air and intracolonic contents to leak into the peritoneal space.

How to manage extraperitoneal bladder rupture in trauma patients?

How To: Manage Extraperitoneal Bladder Rupture 1 Suspect an extraperitoneal bladder injury in anyone with bony injuries involving… 2 Don’t order a urinalysis in trauma patients! 3 Use CT cystogram technique to make the diagnosis. 4 Treatment is simple: leave the urinary catheter in place for 10 days…

Where is the gas located in a retroperitoneal perforation?

If a CT is undertaken to further investigate the cause of the perforation, it illustrates the gas distribution exquisitely and shows the confinement of gas within the retroperitoneum (Figure 4). Figure 2: Red arrows indicating site of free air in the retroperitoneal space.

Which is more common the retroperitoneum or the perirenal space?

The retroperitoneum is chiefly composed of 3 further spaces: – the perirenal space along with both the anterior and posterior renal spaces. It is far more uncommon for a pneumoretroperitoneum to occur in this than the pneumoperitoneum.

What kind of CT scan shows free bowel perforation?

Figure 4: CT scan of the abdomen showing dark areas of free air anterior and posterior to the right kidney, anterior to the left kidney and in the mesentry, indicating free bowel perforation. Causes of a pneumoretroperitoneum include: Dr Ian Bickle, Department of Radiology,RIPAS Hospital. All images are copyrighted and property of RIPAS Hospital.