What is ICA occlusion?

A complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an important cause of cerebrovascular disease. A never‐symptomatic ICA occlusion has a relatively benign course, whereas symptomatic occlusion increases future risk of strokes.

What is collateral circulation in coarctation of aorta?

The best known collateral vessels in coarctation of the aorta and occlusion of the subclavian artery are internal thoracic and parascapular arteries that connect the high-pressure proximal system to the low-pressure vessels distal to the obstruction via dilated intercostal arteries.

What is collateral occlusion?

In the presence of chronic total occlusions, recruitment of flow via these collateral anastomoses to the arterial segment distal to occlusion provide an alternative source of blood flow to the myocardial segment at risk. This mitigates the ischemic injury. Clinical outcome of coronary occlusion ie.

Which branches of ECA provides collateral pathway to the ICA stenosis?

Our study discovered four collateral circulation pathways of “ICA steal” by DSA and CTA: 1) ipsilateral vertebral artery – occipital artery – ECA – ICA, 2) ipsilateral thyrocervical trunk or costocervical trunk – ascending cervical artery or deep cervical artery – occipital artery – ECA – ICA, 3) contralateral ECA – …

What are the collateral pathways of distal abdominal aorta occlusion?

Distal abdominal aorta occlusion tends to collateralize through systemic-systemic pathways [ 2 ]. The second main group of collateral pathways involves visceral-visceral or visceral-systemic pathways. The visceral branches derive from ventral and lateral branches of the aorta.

Which is collateral circulation pathway supplied ipsilateral ICA?

The collateral circulation pathway was: right vertebral artery (arrow ①) – right occipital artery (arrow ②) – right ECA (retrograde, arrow ③) – right ICA (arrow ④) DSA discovered another collateral circulation pathway that supplied ipsilateral ICA after CCAO.

Are there any collateral circulation pathways after CCAO?

ICA is possible to be patent and supplied by several collateral circulation pathways after CCAO. One of the risks of ischemic stroke is pathological changes of extracranial carotid circulation.

How many patients have internal carotid artery occlusion?

Thirty four occlusions of the internal carotid artery were found in 32 patients. These patients were prospectively evaluated, including clinical examination, analysis of risk factors and subsequent management. This group of patients was followed up