What is Gettleman syndrome?

Gitelman syndrome, also known as familial hypokalemia-hypomagnesemia, is a rare genetic disorder in which there is a specific defect in kidney function.

What is Gitelman’s syndrome?

Collapse Section. Gitelman syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes an imbalance of charged atoms (ions) in the body, including ions of potassium, magnesium, and calcium. The signs and symptoms of Gitelman syndrome usually appear in late childhood or adolescence.

What are thiazide diuretics symptoms?

Thiazide diuretics are used to treat high blood pressure and congestive heart failure as well as the accumulation of fluid and swelling (edema) of the body caused by conditions such as heart failure, cirrhosis, chronic kidney failure, corticosteroid medications, and nephrotic syndrome.

What are the symptoms of Bartter syndrome?

Common symptoms include muscle weakness, cramping, spasms and fatigue. Excessive thirst (polydipsia), excessive urination (polyuria), and the need to urinate at night (nocturia) may also occur. Despite excessive fluid intake, frequent urination can lead to dehydration. Some children may crave salt.

How rare is Liddle’s syndrome?

Liddle syndrome prevalence is unknown. The condition is considered rare with less than 80 families reported worldwide.

Why is there hypercalciuria in Bartter syndrome?

Persons with Bartter syndrome often have hypercalciuria. Normally, reabsorption of the negative chloride ions promotes a lumen-positive voltage, driving paracellular positive calcium and magnesium absorption.

What is Kleine Levin Syndrome?

Definition. Kleine-Levin syndrome is a rare disorder that primarily affects adolescent males (approximately 70 percent of those with Kleine-Levin syndrome are male). It is characterized by recurring but reversible periods of excessive sleep (up to 20 hours per day).

What are side effects of low potassium and magnesium?

Here are 8 signs and symptoms of potassium deficiency.

• Weakness and Fatigue. Share on Pinterest.
• Muscle Cramps and Spasms. Muscle cramps are sudden, uncontrolled contractions of the muscles.
• Digestive Problems.
• Heart Palpitations.
• Muscle Aches and Stiffness.
• Tingling and Numbness.
• Breathing Difficulties.
• Mood Changes.

Which thiazide diuretic is best?

Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and chlorthalidone are both thiazide diuretics recommended as first-choice options for treating high blood pressure because of their benefits on heart health and overall death rates.

What are the early signs of hypokalemia?

8 Signs and Symptoms of Potassium Deficiency (Hypokalemia)

• Potassium is an essential mineral that has many roles in your body.
• Weakness and Fatigue.
• Muscle Cramps and Spasms.
• Digestive Problems.
• Heart Palpitations.
• Muscle Aches and Stiffness.
• Tingling and Numbness.
• Breathing Difficulties.

Is there a cure for Bartter syndrome?

Currently there is no cure for Bartter syndrome , but treatments are available. Severity of symptoms (and associated complications) vary from person to person.

Are there any other drugs that are like thiazide?

Thiazide and Other Drugs With Diuretic Effect. Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics (chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone) inhibit reabsorption of sodium in distal tubules, causing increased excretion of sodium and water, as well as potassium and hydrogen ions. Hydrochlorothiazide and metolazone are available only in oral dosage forms.

What are the effects of thiazides on the body?

In addition, thiazides are associated with adverse metabolic effects, particularly hyperglycemia, and the mechanistic underpinnings of these effects are also poorly understood.

When to use thiazide-like diuretics in hypertension?

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are widely used in the treatment of hypertension (Table 29-5 ). They are recommended as first-line agents for uncomplicated hypertension and in patients with compelling indications such as LV dysfunction, although loop diuretics are commonly needed in this situation, and previous ischemic stroke.

When to use thiazide and beta blockers together?

NB: Caution is advised when using a thiazide or a thiazide-like diuretic in combination with a beta-blocker because of the risk of developing diabetes particularly in people with impaired glucose tolerance, obesity, features of the metabolic syndrome, strong family history of diabetes or of South Asian or Afro-Caribbean descent. Title