What is capillary electrophoresis DNA?

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an alternative to conventional slab gel electrophoresis for the separation of DNA fragments. The quantity of DNA required for separation is in the nanogram range. Single-base resolution can be obtained on fragments up to several hundred base pairs.

What is capillary zone electrophoresis used for?

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a technique successfully used for the separation of proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids. Other applications where CZE may be useful include analysis of inorganic anions and cations, such as those typically separated by ion chromatography.

How is gel electrophoresis used to analyze DNA?

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size. DNA samples are loaded into wells (indentations) at one end of a gel, and an electric current is applied to pull them through the gel. DNA fragments are negatively charged, so they move towards the positive electrode.

How are non fluorescent molecules used in capillary electrophoresis?

Numerous labeling strategies are used to create fluorescent derivatives or conjugates of non-fluorescent molecules, including proteins and DNA. The set-up for fluorescence detection in a capillary electrophoresis system can be complicated.

How to calculate the separation efficiency of capillary electrophoresis?

The number of theoretical plates, or separation efficiency, in capillary electrophoresis is given by: where N {displaystyle N} is the number of theoretical plates, μ {displaystyle mu } is the apparent mobility in the separation medium and D m {displaystyle D_{m}} is the diffusion coefficient of the analyte.

Why are polyimide coated capillaries used in electrophoresis?

For polyimide-coated capillaries, a segment of the coating is typically burned or scraped off to provide a bare window several millimeters long. This bare section of capillary can break easily, and capillaries with transparent coatings are available to increase the stability of the cell window.

How are gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction used?

These amounts are insufficient for most procedures, such as gel electrophoresis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to rapidly increase the number of copies of one specific region of DNA for further analyses ( Figure 4 ).