What is Autothermal reactor?

This autothermal reactor consists of two concentric tubes. The feed enters an annular region between the tubes at temperature and flows from right to left. An exothermic reaction in the catalyst bed raises the gas temperature and heat transfers from the catalyst bed to preheat the gas in the annular region.

What is Autothermal?

chemistry. : of, relating to, or being a reaction that creates synthesis gas using only the heat produced by the reaction itself One of the major advantages of thermophilic digestion (anaerobic and aerobic) is the ability to operate the digester under autothermal conditions.

How does an autothermal reformer work?

Autothermal Reforming (ATR) is a process for producing syngas, composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, by partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feed with oxygen and steam and subsequent catalytic reforming.

What is steam reforming process?

Steam reforming or steam methane reforming is a method for producing syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) by reaction of hydrocarbons with water. Commonly natural gas is the feedstock. The main purpose of this technology is hydrogen production. The reaction is represented by this equilibrium: CH4 + H2O ⇌ CO + 3 H.

What is blue hydrogen?

Blue hydrogen is often touted as a low-carbon fuel for generating electricity and storing energy, powering cars, trucks and trains and heating buildings. This involves combining fossil fuels with steam, and heating them to around 800°C. Eventually, you get carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen.

What is ATR and SMR?

The main difference between SMR and ATR is that SMR only uses oxygen via air for combustion as a heat source to create steam, while ATR directly combusts oxygen.

What is Allothermal?

Allothermal originates from the Greek word allos meaning other. Basically allothermal means heating from an external source for instance ceramic band heaters or heating elements. However, autothermal means heating from using heat from exothermic process within the reactor usually with a highly combustible material.

What is SMR and ATR?

What happens in a reformer?

A methane reformer is a device based on steam reforming, autothermal reforming or partial oxidation and is a type of chemical synthesis which can produce pure hydrogen gas from methane using a catalyst. Most methods work by exposing methane to a catalyst (usually nickel) at high temperature and pressure.

What is GREY hydrogen?

Grey hydrogen is the most common form and is generated from natural gas, or methane, through a process called “steam reforming”. This process generates just a smaller amount of emissions than black or brown hydrogen, which uses black (bituminous) or brown (lignite) coal in the hydrogen-making process.

Is steam reforming exothermic?

Steam reforming is endothermic—that is, heat must be supplied to the process for the reaction to proceed. Subsequently, in what is called the “water-gas shift reaction,” the carbon monoxide and steam are reacted using a catalyst to produce carbon dioxide and more hydrogen.

What catalyst is used in the steam reforming process?

Steam reforming is the reaction of methane (and other higher hydrocarbons) with steam in the presence of a catalyst to form carbon oxides and hydrogen. Most industrial catalysts are based on using nickel as the catalytic component, although platinum group metals (pgms) are used for some specific duties.

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How does autothermal reforming work in a fuel cell?

Autothermal reforming (ATR) combines the steam reforming reaction and fuel oxidation into a single unit, the exothermic oxidation providing the heat for the endothermic reforming process. From: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology: Fundamentals and Performance of Low Temperature Fuel Cells, 2012

Where does the heat come from in autothermal gasification?

In autothermal or direct gasification, the necessary heat for the endothermic gasification reactions is supplied by partial oxidation of the fuel. In allothermal or indirect gasification, the heat is supplied from an external source, for example, combustion of a part of the gasification products.

What is the heating value of autothermal gas?

If air is used as the oxidant, the product gas has a low heating value of 4 to 5 MJ/m 3 (107–134 Btu/ft 3) due to nitrogen dilution. Autothermal processes generate enough heat to sustain themselves in the reaction temperature.