What causes leukocoria retinoblastoma?

Leukocoria can be caused by abnormalities in the lens (eg, cataract), vitreous (eg, hemorrhage), or retina (eg, retinoblastoma) (table 1) [1,2].

What does leukocoria mean?

Definition and Terminology: Leukocoria (also spelled leukocoria or leukocoria) or “white pupil” originates from the Greek word “leukos” (white) and “kore” (pupil). It refers to the reflection of white light seen upon direct illumination of the fundus through the pupil, in contrast to the usual red glow (1).

How do cataracts and leukocoria differ?

Leukocoria can be detected by a routine eye exam (see Ophthalmoscopy). For screening purposes, the red reflex test is used. In this test, when a light is shone briefly through the pupil, an orange red reflection is normal. A white reflection is leukocoria.

What are the differential diagnosis of leukocoria?

The differential diagnosis of leukocoria in children is broad and includes hereditary, developmental, inflammatory, neoplastic and miscellaneous conditions [1]: Strabismus – a common pediatric problem, ocular misalignments can cause asymmetric red reflex testing [see American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) insert below].

What are the medical conditions that cause leukocoria?

Leukocoria is a medical sign for a number of conditions, including Coats disease, congenital cataract, corneal scarring, melanoma of the ciliary body, Norrie disease, ocular toxocariasis, persistence of the tunica vasculosa lentis (PFV/PHPV), retinoblastoma, and retrolental fibroplasia . Because…

Is there a way to detect leukocoria in the eye?

Leukocoria may appear also in low indirect light, similar to eyeshine. Leukocoria can be detected by a routine eye exam (see Ophthalmoscopy ). For screening purposes, the red reflex test is used. In this test, when a light is shone briefly through the pupil, an orange red reflection is normal.

Who is the first person to notice leukocoria?

Leukocoria is often first noticed by family members or on flash photog­raphy, and such images can be helpful to the ophthalmologist. However, red eye removal software in modern cameras may confound the detec­tion of leukocoria.

Are there other types of leukocoria Besides retinoblastoma?

However, a number of other conditions may also present with leukocoria, and it is critical to differentiate retinoblastoma from these so-called pseudoretinoblastomas for proper management. 1 Shields and coworkers have reported 27 different pseudoretinoblastoma conditions. 2 Some of the most common include