What are the grades of vesicoureteral reflux?

Grade I: urine reflux into the ureter only. Grade II: urine reflux into the ureter and the renal pelvis (where the ureter meets the kidney), without distention (swelling with fluid, or hydronephrosis) Grade III: reflux into the ureter and the renal pelvis, causing mild swelling. Grade IV: results in moderate swelling.

Is vesicoureteral reflux bilateral?

VUR that affects both ureters and kidneys is called a bilateral reflux. Looking at the medical words “vesicoureteral reflux,” “vescio” refers to the bladder while “ureteral” refers to the ureters. “Reflux,” means backup or back flow. Thus, vesicoureteral reflux is about back flow between the bladder and the ureters.

What is high grade vesicoureteral reflux?

Your child’s healthcare provider may assign a grade from 1 to 5 to indicate the degree of reflux. The higher the grade, the more severe the reflux. A child who has VUR is at risk for repeat kidney infections. Over time, this can cause damage and scarring to the kidneys.

What is bilateral reflux?

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is when the flow of urine goes the wrong way. This condition is more common among infants and young children. Urine, which is the liquid waste product from your body, normally flows one way. It travels down from the kidneys, then into tubes called the ureters and gets stored in your bladder.

What is it called when urine backs up into the kidneys?

Hydronephrosis is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction. Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys.

Which condition might be diagnosed by cystoscopy?

Doctors use cystoscopy to diagnose and treat urinary tract problems. These problems include bladder cancer, bladder control issues, enlarged prostates and urinary tract infections.

Is VUR curable?

Most children who have grade 1 through 3 VUR do not need any type of intense therapy. The reflux resolves on its own over time, usually within five years. Children who develop frequent fevers or infections may require ongoing preventive antibiotic therapy and periodic urine tests.

Can VUR go away on its own?

Primary vesicoureteral reflux Primary VUR will often get better and will go away as a child gets older. Until VUR goes away on its own, doctors treat any UTIs that develop with antibiotics, a type of medicine that fights bacteria.

How is vesicoureteral reflux diagnosed?

How is vesicoureteral reflux diagnosed? Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) can only be diagnosed by a test called a cystogram, in which a catheter is placed through the urethra into the bladder, and the bladder is filled with fluid. This procedure allows doctors to see the reverse flow of urine toward the kidney.

What is Grade 3 reflux?

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) grading divides vesicoureteric reflux according to the height of reflux up the ureters and degree of dilatation of the ureters: grade 1: reflux limited to the ureter. grade 2: reflux up to the renal pelvis. grade 3: mild dilatation of ureter and pelvicalyceal system.

What is the prognosis for vesicoureteral reflux?

Prognosis of Vesicoureteral reflux. Prognosis of Vesicoureteral reflux: In some cases, the condition will eventually resolve itself as the ureter becomes longer with age but some cases may require surgery.

What is the normal prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux?

The prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux varied between patient groups, but often approached or exceeded the prevalence in urinary tract infection. The prevalence in normal kidneys was 17.2% (95% CI: 14.4-20.1).

What is treatment for urinary reflux?

Treatment generally involves a multifaceted plan that addresses the cause, minimizes discomfort, and decreases the risk of developing complications. Treatment of reflux due to vesicoureteral reflux includes antibiotic medication to treat any urinary tract infection.