What are the 5 mechanisms of drug resistance?

The main mechanisms of resistance are: limiting uptake of a drug, modification of a drug target, inactivation of a drug, and active efflux of a drug.

What are two antibiotic resistance mechanisms?

The three fundamental mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are (1) enzymatic degradation of antibacterial drugs, (2) alteration of bacterial proteins that are antimicrobial targets, and (3) changes in membrane permeability to antibiotics.

What are the biochemical mechanisms of antibiotic resistance?

The biochemical resistance mechanisms used by bacteria include the following: antibiotic inactivation, target modification, altered permeability, and “bypass” of metabolic pathway.

How can antibiotic resistance be transferred in bacteria?

Bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria in several ways. By undergoing a simple mating process called “conjugation,” bacteria can transfer genetic material, including genes encoding resistance to antibiotics (found on plasmids and transposons) from one bacterium to another.

What are the mechanisms of antibiotic action and resistance?

BSCI 424 Pathogenic Microbiology — Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action and Resistance BSCI 424 — PATHOGENIC MICROBIOLOGY — Fall 2000 Basic Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action and Resistance Five Basic Mechanisms of Antibiotic Action against Bacterial Cells: Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis (most common mechanism)

How does the permeability of the bacterial membrane affect antibiotic resistance?

Decrease permeability of the membrane that surrounds the bacterial cell. Certain changes in the bacterial membrane make it more difficult to pass through. In this way, less of the antibiotic gets into the bacteria. Destroy the antibiotic. There are bacterial enzymes that can inactivate antibiotics.

How are clinical susceptibility breakpoints established in antibiotic resistance?

The establishment of clinical susceptibility breakpoints (susceptible, intermediate and resistant) mainly relies on the in vitroactivity of an antibiotic against a sizeable bacterial sample, combined with some pharmacological parameters (e.g., blood and infection site concentrations of the antimicrobial, among others).

How does DNA mutation affect antibiotic resistance in bacteria?

In some cases mutations in the bacterial DNA can make the bacteria produce more of a certain pump, which in turn increases resistance. Decrease permeability of the membrane that surrounds the bacterial cell. Certain changes in the bacterial membrane make it more difficult to pass through. In this way, less of the antibiotic gets into the bacteria.