How many planetary boundaries were identified by the Stockholm Resilience Centre?

nine planetary boundaries
The nine planetary boundaries – Stockholm Resilience Centre.

What are rockström’s nine planetary boundaries?

The nine planetary boundaries, counterclockwise from top: climate change, biosphere integrity (functional and genetic), land-system change, freshwater use, biogeochemical flows (nitrogen and phosphorus), ocean acidification, atmospheric aerosol pollution, stratospheric ozone depletion, and release of novel chemicals ( …

Who invented the planetary boundaries?

Johan had this idea to explore a concept he called Planetary Boundaries.” In 2008, a small group of researchers met in Tällberg, a small town in the centre of Sweden to discuss which “boundaries” influence the stability of the Earth system in its current state. They emerged from the meeting with nine of them.

What is the planetary boundary framework?

The planetary boundaries framework defines a safe operating space for humanity based on the intrinsic biophysical processes that regulate the stability of the Earth system.

Which two planetary boundaries have already been exceeded?

Civilisation has crossed four of nine ‘planetary boundaries’, increasing the risk of irreversibly driving the Earth in to a less hospitable state, concludes new research. These are: extinction rate, deforestation, atmospheric CO2 and the flow of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Which planetary boundaries have already been passed?

Four of nine planetary boundaries have now been crossed as a result of human activity, says an international team of 18 researchers in the journal Science (16 January 2015). The four are: climate change, loss of biosphere integrity, land-system change, altered biogeochemical cycles (phosphorus and nitrogen).

What are the 9 boundaries in breaking boundaries?

Rockström and his colleagues have identified nine boundaries: climate change, biosphere integrity, ocean acidification, the depletion of the ozone layer, atmospheric aerosol pollution, biogeochemical flows of nitrogen and phosphorus, freshwater use, land-system change, and the release of novel chemicals such as heavy …

Why is it important to identify planetary boundaries?

History of the framework They estimated how much further humans can go before planetary habitability is threatened. Boundaries were defined to help define a “safe space for human development”, which was an improvement on approaches aiming at minimizing human impacts on the planet.

What are the two core boundaries?

The four are: climate change, loss of biosphere integrity, land-system change, altered biogeochemical cycles (phosphorus and nitrogen). Two of these, climate change and biosphere integrity, are what the scientists call “core boundaries”.

Which three crucial planetary boundaries have already been overstepped?

A total of nine planetary boundaries were previously defined. These were: climate change, loss of biodiversity, ozone depletion, ocean acidification, biogeochemical flows (the flow of nitrogen and phosphorus), land-system change (deforestation), fresh water use, atmospheric aerosol loading and chemical pollution.

What are the two core planetary boundaries?

They identified ‘climate change’ and ‘biosphere integrity’ as two ‘core boundaries’ which are connected to all of the other planetary boundaries and either of which, alone, could ‘drive the Earth System into a new state’.

How did the Stockholm Resilience Centre come about?

Stockholm Resilience Centre became the scientific partner in a research project with the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and the Swedish clothing retailer H&M group, working to integrate the planetary boundaries framework and the circular economy concept. How did the research on the planetary boundaries come about?

How are planetary boundaries being developed in Stockholm?

Led by Sarah Cornell and a team at the Stockholm Resilience Centre, work is underway to develop the Planetary Boundaries 3.0 framework. This includes quantifying the two boundaries lacking numbers – aerosols and novel entities (for example genetically modified organisms, pesticides or even artificial intelligence).

Who is the founder of the planetary boundary layer?

Not to be confused with Planetary boundary layer. Planetary boundaries is a concept involving Earth System processes which contain environmental boundaries, proposed in 2009 by a group of Earth system and environmental scientists led by Johan Rockström from the Stockholm Resilience Centre and Will Steffen from…

How many times has the Planetary Boundaries framework been cited?

The 2009 publications in Nature and Ecology and Society, along with the 2015 Science article, have been cited more than 7,000 times from 2009 to 2019, showing that the planetary boundaries framework has been influential in subsequent scholarly work.