How is floc size determined?

Fractal dimension can be measured using one of three major techniques: light scattering, settling and two dimensional (2D) image analysis. Light scattering is ideally suited for small, open flocs of low refractive index whilst settling may be applied to most floc systems of low porosity.

How do you calculate flocculant?

It is calculated by dividing the liquid volume (in gallons) of a basin by the plant flow rate (gallons per minute).

What is floc strength?

The rate of floc formation is a balance between breakage and aggregation with flocs eventually reaching a steady-state size for a given shear rate. The steady-state floc size for a particular shear rate can, therefore, be a good indicator of floc strength.

Why is floc used in water treatment?

Flocculants are substances that promote the agglomeration of fine particles present in a solution, creating a floc, which then floats to the surface (flotation) or settles to the bottom (sedimentation). This can then be more easily removed from the liquid.

Which is the best size for a flocculation basin?

The best floc size for settling is 0.1 to 3 mm. Larger floc does not settle as well and is more subject to breakup in the flocculation basin. Smaller floc also may not settle.

How are flocculation systems used in water treatment?

A wide variety of flocculation- mixing mechanisms have been used in water treatment. They include vertical shaft mechanical mixers, horizontal shaft mechanical mixers, and hydraulic mixing systems.

When to use floc logs to treat water?

Floc Logs are designed to treat dirty water, not liquid mud; when the water contains heavy solids (exceeding 4%), it will be necessary to create a sediment or grit pit to let the heavy solids settle before treating the water. Floc Logs must not be placed in areas where heavy erosion would result in the Floc Logs becoming buried.

What’s the difference between floc treatment and combination treatment?

In both styles of units, the cross-sectional surface of the basin increases from bottom to top, causing water flow to slow as it rises, and allowing floc to settle out. Combination units generally use higher rise rates and shorter detention time than conventional treatment.

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