Where is the muscularis propria of the rectum?

The muscularis propria lies outside the submucosa. It is a thick layer of muscle. It has an inner ring of circular muscle fibres and an outer ring of long muscle fibres that surround the wall of the colon and rectum.

What is MRF in colon cancer?

The mesorectal fascia (MRF) plays a crucial role in the treatment plannnig. In TME the mesorectal fascia is the resection plane and it has to be tumor-free. A distance of the tumor to the mesorectal fascia of ⩽1 mm is regarded as not suitable for TME and is called an involved MRF.

What does MX mean in cancer staging?

MX: Metastasis cannot be measured. M0: Cancer has not spread to other parts of the body. M1: Cancer has spread to other parts of the body.

What does pT3 mean in cancer?

The definition of pT3 stage finding depends on the particular type of cancer that it refers to; for example, for breast cancer, pT3 stage finding is defined as follows: cancer with tumor size more than 5.0 cm in greatest dimension; for kidney cancer, pT3 stage finding is defined as follows: cancer with tumor extending …

Does size of colon tumor matter?

Conclusions: Tumor size proved to be an independent prognostic parameter for patients with colorectal cancer. Optimal cut-off values vary among different parts of the large bowel. Whereas prognostic significance is strong within the colon, it appears to be of minor value within the rectum.

What side does your colon end on?

The ascending colon travels up the right side of the abdomen. The transverse colon runs across the abdomen. The descending colon travels down the left abdomen.

Can MRI detect colon cancer?

MRI is the best imaging test to find where the colorectal cancer has grown.

How is MRI of rectum done?

What is a rectal MRI? A rectal MRI takes pictures of your pelvic area (lower abdomen). Most times, an MRI scan of this area involves taking 8 or 9 sets of pictures. Each set lasts 14 seconds to several minutes.

Can Cancer Stage 2 be cured?

Stage II breast cancers are curable with current multi-modality treatment consisting of surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy and hormonal therapy. Effective treatment of stage II breast cancer requires both local and systemic therapy.

Is a 2 cm colon tumor big?

The tumour is no bigger than 2 cm. It has only grown into the inner lining of the bowel (the mucosa), or into the next layer (the submucosa). The tumour has grown into the muscle layer of the bowel wall.

Is the muscularis propria part of the rectum?

It may not be visible when the rectum is distended. The muscularis propria is composed of an inner circular layer (green arrow in a) and an outer longitudinal layer (purple arrow in a) which may be separated by a thin layer of fat, as in the example shown.

How big is the residual muscularis propria in Mr?

The residual muscularis propria is seen as a subtle hypointense line (white arrow). The maximum depth of invasion outside the muscularis propria is approximately 5 mm. (b) Orthogonal high-resolution T2-weighted MR image obtained in a different patient shows significant tumor infiltration (black arrow) beyond the muscularis propria (white arrow).

How big is the mucosa of the rectum?

A 1–2 cm length of rectal columnar mucosa is left as the cuff. This tissue is at risk of developing inflammation and even dysplasia [32]. While risk of these complications is reduced with the hand-sewn IPAA with mucosectomy, there are reported cases wherein islands of rectal mucosa regrew or were not completely resected [33,34].

What kind of MR images are used for rectal cancer?

Early rectal cancer and significant polyps may also be subclassified, necessitating the use of good quality, high-resolution T2-weighted MR images. This relies on the recognition that most rectal tumors (apart from mucinous tumors) have intermediate T2 signal compared to hyperintense submucosa and hypointense muscularis layers 9.