What is the structure of turbulence?

Turbulence causes the formation of eddies of many different length scales. Most of the kinetic energy of the turbulent motion is contained in the large-scale structures. The energy “cascades” from these large-scale structures to smaller scale structures by an inertial and essentially inviscid mechanism.

Is there an equation for turbulence?

Turbulence appears when the Reynolds number is about 2300. Reynolds number = (density * D * flow speed) / viscosity. Details of the calculation: Reynolds number = (1.25 kg/m3)*(0.1 m)*(35 m/s)/(1.83*10-5 N s/m2) = 2.39*105.

What are the two main causes of turbulent flow?

Turbulence is a fluid flow in which layers mix together via eddies and swirls. It has two main causes. First, any obstruction or sharp corner, such as in a faucet, creates turbulence by imparting velocities perpendicular to the flow. Second, high speeds cause turbulence.

What happens to the size of vortices during turbulence?

As a result, the radial length scale of the vortices decreases and the larger flow structures break down into smaller structures. The process continues until the small scale structures are small enough that their kinetic energy can be transformed by the fluid’s molecular viscosity into heat.

Which is the dominant feature of a turbulent event?

In many geophysical flows (rivers, atmospheric boundary layer), the flow turbulence is dominated by the coherent structures and turbulent events. A turbulent event is a series of turbulent fluctuations that contain more energy than the average flow turbulence.

What happens at the end of the movie turbulence?

Ryan and another prisoner overpower and kill their guards. The few civilian passengers are herded into a “pantry” on the plane and are not seen again until the end of the movie. Ryan eliminates the other prisoners and all the crew members except Teri Halloran.

Who is the engineer in the movie turbulence?

A passenger of a hijacked airliner who happens to be an airplane engineer works to deactivate a chemical weapons bomb after the hijackers kill the pilot and threaten to kill all the passengers on the plane. Terrorists hijack an airplane that is broadcasting a rock concert live on the Internet.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQGph4qsvVA