What is perisomatic?

The perisomatic region is defined as the domain of the plasma membrane which includes the proximal dendrites, the cell body and the axon initial segment (AIS; Freund & Buzsaki, 1996).

What are Perisomatic synapses?

We define the perisomatic region of pyramidal cells as a domain of plasma membrane, which receives almost exclusively GABAergic synapses, and includes the cell body, the axon initial segment, and the proximal apical and basal dendrites up to a distance of ∼100 μm (Megias et al., 2001, Papp et al., 2001).

What are pyramidal cells?

Pyramidal cells have large, pyramid-shaped cell bodies that range from 20–120 µm in diameter. They are excitatory neurons that have numerous apical and basal dendrites and a single axon that projects out of the cortex. Pyramidal cells are particularly prominent in motor and premotor areas.

What is the function of the pyramidal cells?

What do pyramidal neurons do? Like many other types of neuron, their main job is to transform synaptic inputs into a patterned output of action potentials.

Where does the word perisomatic come from in science?

Of or relating to the body wall of an echinoderm. Late 19th century; earliest use found in Thomas Huxley (1825–1895), biologist and science educationist. From perisome + -atic, after somatic. Located or occurring around or near the cell body (soma) of a neuron.

What is the perisomatic region of a neuron?

In cortical GABAergic cells with local axonal projections, the perisomatic region is defined as that part of the plasma membrane including the proximal dendrites, the cell body and the axon initial segment (Zabó et al., 2010).

What is the function of the perisomatic domain?

The perisomatic domain is responsible for the summation of postsynaptic potentials arriving from all dendritic branches […].

Where does perisomatic inhibition occur in the cerebral cortex?

Recent evidence supports the hypothesis of a functional dichotomy of perisomatic inhibition in the cerebral cortex: the parvalbumin- and cholecystokinin-containing basket cells that are specialized to control rhythm (as a clockwork) and “mood” (as a fine-tuning device), respectively, of network oscillations.