What is meant by wing spar?

In a fixed-wing aircraft, the spar is often the main structural member of the wing, running spanwise at right angles (or thereabouts depending on wing sweep) to the fuselage. The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings while on the ground.

What are the three spar designs?

Abstract. Three different wing spar designs (differential, equivalent integral, and optimized integral) are analysed, in order to establish the optimum one.

What is the purpose of a wing spar?

The spar carries flight loads and the weight of the wings while on the ground. Other structural and forming members such as ribs may be attached to the spar or spars, with stressed skin construction also sharing the loads where it is used. There may be more than one spar in a wing or none at all.

How are spars usually attached to the wing?

Spars are the principal structural members of the wing. They correspond to the longerons of the fuselage. They run parallel to the lateral axis of the aircraft, from the fuselage toward the tip of the wing, and are usually attached to the fuselage by wing fittings, plain beams, or a truss.

Where is the wing root?

The wing root is the part of the wing on a fixed-wing aircraft or winged-spaceship that is closest to the fuselage. On a simple monoplane configuration, this is usually easy to identify.

Why do Piper wings fall off?

Fatigue cracking caused Piper Arrow wing to separate in flight. The 10-year old aircraft was used only for flight training at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University and had accumulated approximately 7,600 hours of flight time.

Why are elliptical wings better?

The elliptical wing is aerodynamically most efficient because elliptical spanwise lift distribution induces the lowest possible drag.

How many types of wings are there?

There are four general wing shapes that are common in birds: Passive soaring, active soaring, elliptical wings, and high-speed wings.

What are the three fundamental wing design?

In general, wing construction is based on one of three fundamental designs: Monospar. Multispar. Box beam.

What is taper ratio for wings?

Taper ratio is one of the parameters on planform geometry which means the ratio of the root and tip chord lengths of a wing. Hence, its effects on wing’s aerodynamic parameters are also important and should be taken into con- sideration during a wing design process [2] [3].

What is the root chord on a wing?

In aeronautics, a chord is the imaginary straight line joining the leading edge and trailing edge of an aerofoil. Usually, the chord length is greatest where the wing joins the aircraft’s fuselage (called the root chord) and decreases along the wing toward the wing’s tip (the tip chord).

Can a monospar wing be used for a multispar wing?

Although the strict monospar wing is not common, this type of design modified by the addition of false spars or light shear webs along the trailing edge for support of control surfaces is sometimes used. The multispar wing incorporates more than one main longitudinal member in its construction.

Which is an example of a multi-spar aircraft?

The Mach 2 F-104 Starfighter used numerous slender spars to allow for a wing of unusually thin section; the F-16 Fighting Falcon uses a similar construction. Other aircraft like the F-4 Phantom, F-15 Eagle and others use 3 or more spars to give sufficient strength in a relatively thin wing, and thus qualify as multi-spar aircraft.

What kind of aircraft has 3 spars per wing?

Other aircraft like the F-4 Phantom, F-15 Eagle and others use 3 or more spars to give sufficient strength in a relatively thin wing, and thus qualify as multi-spar aircraft. False spars, like main spars, are load bearing structural members running spanwise but are not joined to the fuselage.

What kind of material are wing spars made of?

Typical wooden wing spar cross-sections Currently, most manufactured aircraft have wing spars made of solid extruded aluminum or aluminum extrusions riveted together to form the spar. The increased use of composites and the combining of materials should make airmen vigilant for wings spars made from a variety of materials.