What is a polymethine chain?

: any of a class of dyes (as cyanines or merocyanines) characterized by a resonance structure containing a conjugated chain of carbon atoms that is at least in part an open chain [as in −CH(=CH−CH)n=] attached to two polar atoms (as two amino nitrogen atoms either one of which is considered to be positively charged)

What is cyanine used for?

Cyanine dyes are used to label proteins, antibodies, peptides, nucleic acid probes, and any kind of other biomolecules to be used in a variety of fluorescence detection techniques (Ünlü et al., 1997; Osterman et al., 2013) [5,6].

What is chromophore explain?

A chromophore is the part of a molecule responsible for its color. The color that is seen by our eyes is the one not absorbed by the reflecting object within a certain wavelength spectrum of visible light.

What are chromophores give examples?

Some of the important chromophores are: ethylene, acetylene, carbonyls, acids, esters and nitrile groups etc. A carbonyl group is an important chromophore, although the absorption of light by an isolated group does not give rise to any colour in the ultra-violet spectroscopy.

Can Cy3 and Cy5 be used together?

Protein labeling Cy5 is sensitive to its electronic environment. Cy3 and Cy5 are used in proteomics experiments so that samples from two sources can be mixed and run together through the separation process.

Is Cy3 red?

The Cy3 dye is a traditional orange-fluorescent label for protein and nucleic acid conjugates used for imaging, flow cytometry, and genomic applications.

How many types of chromophore are there?

Molecules that absorb light are called chromophores. There are two major types of choromphores: electronic transitions. vibrational transitions.

What is auxochrome example?

Description. Any portion of a molecule, i.e. radical or ionic functional group, that improves the color of the chromophore in an organic colorant. Auxochromes can also provide an ionic site that enables the dye to bind to a fiber. Examples of auxochrome groups are -COOH, -SO3H, -OH, and -NH3.

Is Cy3 a fluorophore?

Cy®3 is an orange fluorophore commonly used in applications such as immunolabeling, nucleic acid labeling, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The dye has an absorption wavelength that peaks around 548-552 nm, and an emission maximum around 562-570 nm.

What Colour is Cy3?

Is Cy3 red or green?

What color is DAPI?

blue
DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) is a blue-fluorescent DNA stain that exhibits ~20-fold enhancement of fluorescence upon binding to AT regions of dsDNA. It is excited by the violet (405 nm) laser line and is commonly used as a nuclear counterstain in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and chromosome staining.

Which is the correct description of a polymethine dye?

Methine dyes ( polymethine dyes) are dyes whose chromophoric system consists of conjugated double bonds (polyenes) flanked by two end groups: an electron acceptor A and an electron donor D. Methine dyes comprise an odd number of methine groups.

How are chromophores related to the whole molecule?

…“colour-bearing” group known as a chromophore, usually a short conjugated system (a chain of atoms connected by alternating single and double bonds). The bonding electrons holding the molecule together can be viewed as belonging to the whole molecule.

Which is the most common group of methine dyes?

The most well-known group of methine dyes are the cationic cyanine dyes. Both terminal groups of the chromophore contain nitrogen atoms, whereas the amino or imino group is part of a heterocycle . In the case of hemicyanine dyes, one terminal amino group is part of a heterocycle, while the second terminal group is open-chain.

Which is an aldehyde of the chromophore group?

In vertebrate rods the chromophore is retinal, the aldehyde of vitamin A1. …“colour-bearing” group known as a chromophore, usually a short conjugated system (a chain of atoms connected by alternating single and double bonds).