What does P stands for in the P blood group system?

P1PK (formerly: P) is a human blood group system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 003) based upon the A4GALT gene on chromosome 22. The P antigen (later renamed P1) was first described by Karl Landsteiner and Philip Levine in 1927.

What is P factor in blood?

P blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of any of three substances known as the P, P1, and Pk antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells.

What is anti P antibody?

Anti-P1 is an IgM antibody directed against the P1 antigen in the P blood group system. Anti-P1 is usually a naturally occurring antibody. It is generally not considered clinically significant and antigen negative blood is not necessary. Units provided are crossmatch compatible through the AHG phase of testing.

What is P null blood group?

‘P null phenotype’ A blood type is considered rare when lesser than one in 1,000 people have it. Lack of high-frequency antigen or multiple common antigens makes a blood group rare.

Is P blood type rare?

Five blood group P phenotypes can be defined according to the presence or absence of these three serological specificities on the erythrocytes, two of which, P1 and P2, are frequent and three, P1k, P2k, and p, very rare.

What causes anti-M antibody?

Anti-M may be naturally occurring (i.e. arising without stimulus by transfusion or pregnancy related red blood cell exposure) or can be an immune stimulated antibody. In either case, it is predominantly an IgM antibody with some associated IgG component and often occurs in association with other antibodies.

What blood group is the Queen?

Famous Type O personalities: Queen Elizabeth II, John Lennon or Paul Newman.

Where does the P1 antigen belong in the blood group?

Today, the P1 antigen belongs to the P1PK blood group system. Other members of the system include the P k and NOR antigens. The closely related P antigen formerly belonged to this system, but now resides in its own system called Globoside along with the PX2 antigen. 3 The following phenotypes have been reported: 2

What does the P blood group system mean?

P blood group system. P blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of any of three substances known as the P, P 1, and P k antigens on the surfaces of red blood cells. These antigens are also expressed on the surfaces of cells lining the urinary tract, where they have been identified as adhesion sites…

Which is the most common phenotype of the P blood group?

The most commonly occurring of these is the P1 phenotype, which displays all three P antigens. The P2 phenotype consists of the P and Pk antigens and is the second most common phenotype in the P system, whereas the phenotypes P1k (P1 and Pk antigens), P2k (Pk antigen only), and p (no antigens) are extremely uncommon.

How are p 1 and P K antigens produced?

The P and P 1 antigens are produced by a gene known as B3GALNT1 (beta-1,3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 1), whereas the P k antigen is produced by a gene called A4GALT (alpha 1,4-galactosyltransferase). There are five phenotypes in the P blood group system: P 1, P 2, P 1k, P 2k, and p, formerly designated Tj (a−).

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