What are the three stages of palate formation?

The palate is then completed later during the twelfth week, within the fetal period. Thus, the palate is developed in three consecutive stages: formation of the primary palate, formation of the secondary palate, and completion of the final palate.

How does palate develop?

The palate is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla. The central part of the lip (prolabium) and the premaxilla arise from the medial nasal prominences of the frontonasal process and the lateral alveolar segments from the lateral processes of the maxilla.

What week does the formation of the palate begin?

Between the 6th and 8th week, the palate begins to develop. Consequently, this causes a distinction between the nasal and oral cavities. This development is completed by the 12th week.

When did a secondary palate evolve?

Evolution. The secondary palate is thought to have a significant role in the development of warm-blooded animals. The first creatures with secondary palates are known from the fossil record starting from the mid-Permian.

What is the difference between primary and secondary palate?

The primary palate is the triangular area of the hard palate anterior to the incisive foramen and includes a portion of the alveolar ridge. The secondary palate consists of the remaining hard palate and all of the soft palate. Palatal clefts can be overt or submucous.

At what age does the palate fuse?

The ideal age for a child to get a palate expander is when they’re young, around 7 to 8 years old. The palate is forming rapidly, so it’s easier for orthodontists to reshape. The palate structure solidifies as children get older, usually around puberty, making it harder for it to widen.

What is Pierre Robin Syndrome?

Pierre Robin sequence is also known as Pierre Robin syndrome or Pierre Robin malformation. It is a rare congenital birth defect characterized by an underdeveloped jaw, backward displacement of the tongue and upper airway obstruction. Cleft palate is also commonly present in children with Pierre Robin sequence.

What is globular process?

The maxillary processes grow rapidly, first meeting the lateral nasal processes, and then the lower extension of the medial nasal processes. This lower extension is known as the globular or intermaxillary process and will give rise to the midstructure (philtrum) of the upper lip.

Where is the Palatine process?

The palatine process (Processus palatinus) of the maxilla is a strong bony blade that arises perpendiculary from the nasal surface of the maxilla, near its ventral border; it unites with the palatine process of the opposite maxilla on the median plane through the palatine suture (Sutura palatina).

Why do birds have a soft secondary palate?

In birds, what is a possible advantage to having a soft secondary palate instead of a bonysecondary palate? This is especially important for flying vertebrates such as birds, which experience a high selection pressure to decrease body mass.

Do all mammals have a secondary palate?

Mammals and crocodilians (crocodiles and alligators), on the other hand, possess a complete secondary palate which develops from the midline fusion of the embryonic palatal shelves, early in development. The union of the palatal shelves functionally separates the oral and nasal cavities in these groups.

What is the main cause of cleft palate?

Cleft lip and cleft palate are thought to be caused by a combination of genes and other factors, such as things the mother comes in contact with in her environment, or what the mother eats or drinks, or certain medications she uses during pregnancy.

Where are the palatine processes located in an embryo?

Frontal section of nasal cavities of a human embryo 28 mm. long (Kollmann) at about forty-four days. The two palatine processes can be seen here post-elevation in a horizontal position. The medial edges of the palatine processes are yet to fuse and form the roof of the oral cavity.

When does the development of the secondary palate begin?

The two palatine processes can be seen here post-elevation in a horizontal position. The medial edges of the palatine processes are yet to fuse and form the roof of the oral cavity. The development of the secondary palate commences in the sixth week of human embryonic development.

When does the lateral palatine process change from vertical to horizontal?

During the eighth week, the lateral palatine processes change from their initial vertical orientation to horizontal, within a period of hours. The developing mandible protrudes in synchrony to allow the tongue to descend and leave room for palate fusion.

When do the vertical palatal shelves develop in the embryo?

Palatal shelves developing in preparation for elevation. The formation of the vertical palatal shelves occurs during week 7 of embryological development, on the maxillary processes of the head of embryo, lateral to the developing tongue.