How many urethral valves are there?

The two main types of urethral valves are posterior urethral valves and anterior urethral valves. Of the two, posterior urethral valves are much more common than anterior urethral valves. The severity of these disorders depends on the degree of obstruction in the urethra.

What is PUV Fulguration?

Ultrasound KUB and Voiding cystourethrography ( VCU / MCUG) confirms the diagnosis of Posterior urethral valves. Management of PUV- Fulguration of Valves- Cystoscopy and primary fulguration of valves is the gold standard treatment for PUV management. Fulguration of valves is the beginning of the treatment.

What is the keyhole sign in posterior urethral valves?

Keyhole sign (posterior urethral valves) The keyhole sign is an ultrasonographic sign seen in boys with posterior urethral valves. It refers to the appearance of the proximal urethra (which is dilated) and an associated thick-walled distended bladder which on ultrasound may resemble a keyhole.

What does the keyhole sign mean on ultrasound?

Keyhole sign (posterior urethral valves) Dr Bassem Marghany and Radswiki et al. The keyhole sign is an ultrasonographic sign seen in boys with posterior urethral valves. It refers to the appearance of the proximal urethra (which is dilated) and an associated thick-walled distended bladder which on ultrasound may resemble a keyhole.

How is the keyhole sign related to PUV?

Increased bladder wall thickness and bladder dilatation were highly associated with the diagnosis of PUV (P < 0.001). However, a thick-walled bladder was observed in 39.1% and a dilated bladder in 47.8% of the infants with a postnatal diagnosis other than PUV. The presence of the keyhole sign was not found to predict a diagnosis of PUV (P = 0.27).

Can a dilated bladder look like a keyhole?

Dilatation of the bladder neck on prenatal ultrasound examination could mimic a dilated posterior urethra, with an ultrasound appearance similar to a keyhole, without being a true dilatation of the posterior urethra 13, 16 .