What is Tunicamycin used for?

Tunicamycin is the most common agent used to study the effects of nucleoside antibiotics on the kidney. It is also commonly used in vitro to study the effects of ER stress in various cell types (Bassik and Kampmann, 2011).

Is Tunicamycin FDA approved?

Tunicamycin (TM) is a nucleoside antibiotic known to induce ER stress and is a commonly used inducer of AKI. 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) is an FDA approved substance used in children who suffer from urea cycle disorders.

Why are proteins glycosylated?

Protein glycosylation helps in proper folding of proteins, stability and in cell to cell adhesion commonly needed by cells of the immune system.

What can tunicamycin be used for in vitro?

It is also commonly used in vitro to study the effects of ER stress in various cell types (Bassik and Kampmann, 2011 ). Tunicamycin inhibits protein glycosylation, resulting in vacuolization of the renal tubular epithelium and acute tubular necrosis ( Carlisle et al., 2014 ).

How does tunicamycin disrupt protein maturation in the ER?

The natural antibiotic tunicamycin (TM), which inhibits N-linked glycosylation, can disrupt protein maturation in the ER and has been proposed as an available tool for inducing and studying ER stress.10 Autophagy is a cellular response to various stress conditions.

Where does the action of tunicamycin take place?

The action is apparent at low concentrations of tunicamycin with whole cells and with cell-free membrane preparations of many different organisms and cell types.

How is tunicamycin used to study kidney disease?

Tunicamycin is the most common agent used to study the effects of nucleoside antibiotics on the kidney. It is also commonly used in vitro to study the effects of ER stress in various cell types (Bassik and Kampmann, 2011 ).

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