What does isoniazid do to the liver?

Chronic INH hepatotoxicity results in the induction of hepatocyte apoptosis, with associated disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA strand breaks. The most likely biochemical mechanism is that the metabolism of INH produces reactive metabolites that bind and damage cellular macromolecules in the liver.

How isoniazid is metabolized?

INH is metabolized via acetylation in the liver. Older adults who are slow acetylators of the drug may require lower doses to achieve effective serum concentrations and prevent adverse effects.

What is the function of isoniazid tablets?

Isoniazid is used with other medications to treat active tuberculosis (TB) infections. It is also used alone to prevent active TB infections in people who may be infected with the bacteria (people with positive TB skin test). Isoniazid is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria.

What enzyme metabolizes isoniazid?

NAT2 is the primary enzyme that contributes to INH metabolism. NAT2 deficiency increases the risk of INH-induced liver injury.

What kind of Medicine is isoniazid used for?

Isoniazid is used to treat and to prevent tuberculosis (TB). You may need to take other TB medicines in combination with isoniazid.

What are the inactive ingredients in isoniazid tablets?

Each tablet also contains as inactive ingredients: colloidal silicon dioxide, lactose monohydrate, pregelatinized starch (corn), povidone and stearic acid. Isoniazid is chemically known as isonicotinyl hydrazine or isonicotinic acid hydrazide. It has a molecular formula of C6H7N3O and a molecular weight of 137.14.

How does isoniazid affect the metabolism of acetaminophen?

Isoniazid is thought to induce a liver enzyme which causes a larger amount of acetaminophen to be metabolized to a toxic form. Isoniazid decreases the metabolism of carbamazepine, thus slowing down its clearance from the body.

How is isoniazid used to treat a TB infection?

It is also used alone to prevent active TB infections in people who may be infected with the bacteria (people with positive TB skin test ). Isoniazid is an antibiotic and works by stopping the growth of bacteria. This antibiotic treats only bacterial infections. It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu ).