How do you make calcium phosphate cement?

Calcium phosphate cements can be synthesised by the acid–base reaction between sodium phosphate [NaH2PO4 or (NaPO3)n] as the acid solution and calcium aluminate cement as the base reactant at 25°C. (NaPO3)n gave a cement with a 24 h compressive strength of > 20 MPa and a porosity of > 30%.

How do you synthesize hydroxyapatite?

Hydroxyapatite can be synthesized using different techniques such as precipitation, hydrolysis, and hydrothermal synthesis [20], [21], [24] or extracted from natural resources, e.g. fish bones [25], seashells[26], eggshells [27], [28], bovine bones [29], [30], shrimp shells [29].

What is calcium phosphate cement?

Purpose: Calcium phosphate cement is a bioactive and biodegradable grafting material in the form of powder and liquid, which when mixed, sets as primarily hydroxyapatite, sometimes mixed with unreacted particles and other phases. Results: Calcium phosphate cement appears to have excellent biological properties.

What does calcium phosphate dissolve in?

It is also known as Calcium phosphate tribasic or Tricalcium Phosphate. Calcium phosphate appears as a white amorphous or crystalline powder that is odourless and tasteless. It is insoluble in ethanol, acetic acid but soluble in dilute nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. It slightly dissolves in water.

Does calcium phosphate harden bones?

Collagen is a protein that provides a soft framework, and calcium phosphate is a mineral that adds strength and hardens the framework. This combination of collagen and calcium makes bone strong and flexible enough to withstand stress. More than 99 percent of the body’s calcium is contained in the bones and teeth.

What is the role of calcium and phosphate in bone?

Among micronutrients, calcium (Ca) and inorganic (i) phosphate (P) are the two main constituents of hydroxyapatite, the bone mineral that strengthens the mechanical resistance of the organic matrix. Pi plays a role in the maturation of osteocytes, the most abundant cells in bone.

What is the function of hydroxyapatite?

Hydroxyapatite is chemically similar to the mineral component of bone and hard tissues in mammals. It is a bioactive material that will support bone ingrowth and osseointegration. It has been used in orthopedic, dental, and maxillofacial applications and can be replaced with bone formation via osteoconduction.

How do you make calcium hydroxyapatite?

Preparation of calcium and phosphorus solutions to prepare 5 g of nanoscale hydroxyapatite using a calcium to phosphorus molar ratio of 1.67. Add 3.705 g of calcium hydroxide to 500 mL deionized water and stir on a magnetic stirrer plate for 1 h at 400 rpm.

What is the use of calcium phosphate?

Calcium phosphate (tricalcium phosphate) is a mineral that is used as a supplement in people who do not get enough calcium from food. Calcium phosphate is used to treat calcium deficiencies that may be associated with low blood calcium, a parathyroid disorder, or osteoporosis and other bone conditions.

What causes calcium phosphate stones?

Dr. Curhan said that calcium phosphate stones are his least favorite type because they are difficult to prevent. They are caused by too much calcium in the urine, too much phosphate in the urine, or too little citrate in the urine.

Why is TTCP used in calcium phosphate cement?

Therefore it is widely used in self-setting calcium phosphate bone cements, which form HA under physiological conditions. This paper aims to review the synthesis and properties of TTCP in biomaterials applications such as cements, sintered ceramics and coatings on implant metals. 1. Introduction

Which is the only calcium phosphate with a Ca / P ratio greater than ha?

Monoclinic tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP, Ca 4 (PO 4) 2 O), also known by the mineral name hilgenstockite, is formed in the (CaO–P 2 O 5) system at temperatures >1300 °C. TTCP is the only calcium phosphate with a Ca/P ratio greater than hydroxyapatite (HA).

Which is the raw material for hydraulic bone cement?

Nowadays, α-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP, α-Ca 3 (PO 4) 2) is receiving growing attention as a raw material for several injectable hydraulic bone cements, biodegradable bioceramics and composites for bone repair.

How is α-tricalcium phosphate used in dentistry?

α- and β-TCP are currently used in several clinical applications in dentistry, maxillo-facial surgery and orthopaedics: β-TCP is the component of several commercial mono- or biphasic bioceramics and composites, and α-TCP is the major constituent of the powder component of various hydraulic bone cements [9], [10].