How do you deplete a macrophage?

Clodronate liposomes are an effective and versatile way to deplete macrophages in vivo; they can allow selective depletion from tissues of interest and can be used on transgenic mice.

What is clodronate liposome?

Liposomes are artificially prepared lipid vesicles, consisting of concentric phospholipid bilayers entrapping aqueous compartments. They can be used to encapsulate strongly hydropihilic molecules solved in aqueous solutions, such as clodronate, a non-toxic bisphosphonate, developed for human application.

How does clodronate work?

Clodronate (dichloromethylene-bisphosphonate or Cl2MBP) is a hydrophilic molecule that can be encapsulated within phospholipid bilayers. Free clodronate does not easily cross cell membranes, and is rapidly cleared (i.e. within minutes) from circulation by the renal system.

What is macrophage depletion?

Macrophage depletion has been used extensively to study autoimmune disease and more recently in tumor models. The clodronate-containing liposomes will be recognized as foreign particles and get engulfed by macrophages upon dosing into the animal by the chosen routes.

What liposomal means?

1 : one of the fatty droplets in the cytoplasm of a cell. 2 : an artificial vesicle that is composed of one or more concentric phospholipid bilayers and is used especially to deliver microscopic substances (as DNA or drugs) to body cells. Other Words from liposome. liposomal \ ˌlip-​ə-​ˈsō-​məl , ˌlī-​pə-​ \ adjective.

What is clodronate used for?

Clodronate (clodronate disodium, Bonefos) is a non-nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast activity, and thereby inhibits bone resorption. Clodronate has been extensively used in patients with advanced breast cancer, and is generally well tolerated.

How do you take clodronate?

You take sodium clodronate as capsules or tablets once a day. You take them in the morning, on an empty stomach with water. You should wait at least 1 hour after you take them before you have a meal or other medicines.

Are liposomes safe?

Due to their nature, liposomes are in fact considered safe nanocarriers. Therefore, liposomes prevent a drug from being metabolized prior to reaching target tissues, and simultaneously they minimize exposure of healthy tissue to the encapsulated drug during its circulation in the blood.

Are liposomes natural?

Liposome involves an aqueous core entrapped by one or more bilayers composed of natural or synthetic lipids. They are composed of natural phospholipids that are biologically inert and feebly immunogenic, and they have low inherent toxicity.

Is clodronate a bisphosphonate?

Clodronate is one of the best known bisphosphonates (Figure 1), in which two lateral chains are made up of two chlorine atoms; it has been largely and effectively used, from the 60s until today, for treating many osteometabolic disorders, generally characterized by excessive resorption: Paget’s disease (1–5).

What is another name for pamidronate?

Aredia is the trade name for pamidronate. In some cases, health care professionals may use the trade name aredia when referring to the generic drug name pamidronate. Drug type: Pamidronate is a supportive care drug in the category of bisphosphonates.

Which is the smallest liposomes?

The liposome size can vary from very small (0.025 μm) to large (2.5 μm) vesicles. Moreover, liposomes may have one or bilayer membranes.

How to deplete macrophages in vivo with Clodronate-liposomes?

Depleting Macrophages In Vivo with Clodronate-Liposomes In order to decipher the role of macrophages in vivo, it could be necessary to establish a model of macrophage depletion in the whole animal.

How are liposomes used to deplete macrophages in mice?

Clodronate liposomes are an effective and versatile way to deplete macrophages in vivo; they can allow selective depletion from tissues of interest and can be used on transgenic mice.

Which is an example of depleting macrophages in vivo?

One method to obtain animal models efficiently depleted in macrophages in different tissues (bone marrow, spleen, liver, lungs, brain, gut, peritoneal cavity, … Depleting Macrophages In Vivo with Clodronate-Liposomes

How does LC treatment affect macrophage infiltration?

LC treatment reduced the number of blood monocytes and decreased macrophage infiltration in the injured arteries as well as smooth muscle cell proliferation, interleukin-1β transcription, and production and matrix metalloproteinase-2 activity. Conclusions— Macrophages play a pivotal role in vascular repair after mechanical arterial injury.