How do you calculate water content by Karl Fischer?

The water equivalence factor F, in mgs of H2O per ml of reagent, is calculated according to the formula 0.1566 x w/v, where W is the weight in mgs of sodium tartrate and V is the volume in ml of the reagent.

What is Karl Fischer principle?

Karl Fischer titration is a widely used analytical method for quantifying water content in a variety of products. The fundamental principle behind it is based on the Bunsen Reaction between iodine and sulfur dioxide in an aqueous medium.

What is Karl Fischer moisture determination?

The Karl Fischer (KF) titration is a method of determining the water content of solid, liquid and gaseous samples. It is the technique preferred for use in industrial quality control. In principle it involves the oxidation of sulfur dioxide by iodine, in the presence of water, in a buffered solution.

What does Karl Fischer titration measure?

Karl Fischer Titration is a technique for the determination of moisture content. The technique was developed by a chemist named Karl Fischer. It is based on a reagent which reacts with water and converts the water into a non-conductive chemical.

What is the formula for KF standardization?

How do you calculate Karl Fischer factor? The water equivalence factor F is determined according to the formula 0.1566 x w / v in mgs of H2O per ml of reagent, where W is the sodium tartrate weight in mgs, and V is the reagent volume in ml.

Why DST is used for KF calibration?

DST is primary standard and it is stable up to 150 degree Centigrade. It release free water molecules easily when reacts with KF reagent. This DST has 15.66% water molecules so we can easily calculate and standardize the KF reagent.

What are major disadvantages of Karl Fischer titration?

Manual volumetric KF titration requires reloading for each determination and hence has a high solvent consumption. The margin of error is relatively large when manual volumetric KF titration is applied to materials that contain starch.

What is the use of Karl Fischer?

Karl Fischer (KF) titration is a redox reaction which uses the consumption of water during the reaction to measure the amount of water in a sample. It is the reference method for water determination because of its specificity, accuracy and speed of measurement. It takes place in an organic solvent.

What is KF factor limit?

Standardization is valid, if concentration should be not less than 5 mg and not more than 7mg. The relative Standard deviation between two average KF factors of water and DST determined consecutively should not be more than 3.0 % [Average of two factors (2 with water and 2 with DST) to be considered for calculation.]

How do you calibrate KF?

Weigh accurately about 0.005 to 0.05 gm (5 to 50 mg) of water with the syringe and enter the weight in gram. 5. Press the “RUN” key so that red light will glow on “BUSY” position. Again press the “RUN” key so titration will starts.

What is KF factor?

Why do we use DST in KF calibration?

What are water analysis guidelines for the determination of TOC and Doc?

Water analysis Guidelines for the determination of total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ISO-CEN EN 1484 This European standard was approved by CEN on 1997-04-06. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions

How is organic carbon measured in TOC and Doc?

2.1 In both TOC and DOC determinations, organic carbon in the water sample is oxidized to form carbon dioxide (CO2), which is then measured by a detection system.

What do you need to know about Karl Fischer titration?

Abstract This introduction will cover the basics of the Karl Fischer Titration. The Karl Fischer titration is concerned with the determination of water in the most different samples such as foods, polymers and plastics, and pharmaceutical products. In order to be titrated, water must be released from the sample.

Which is the best method for measuring TOC?

The combustion methods (1 & 2) are mainly used for higher (ppm or greater) TOC concentrations or where there are high levels of particulates. Persulphate oxidation, enhanced by UV or heat, is widely used for laboratory TOC determination in many types of water from potable to pharmaceutical and electronic grades.